I go 



Bulletin 307 



are partially tile-drained. The large proportion of tile drainage in the 

 county is due, no doubt, to the influence of John Johnston, * who was the 

 first to use tile drains in America. He began laying tile drains on his 

 farm near Geneva in 1837, and in the course of thirty years laid between 

 sixty and seventy miles of them on his farm. Notwithstanding the ex- 

 tensive use of tile drains, only about half the orchards are reported as 

 being well drained. Table 18 summarizes the condition of drainage as 

 reported in the survey: 



TABLE 18. Drainage 



Artificial drainage f 



Tile 



Mains 



Mains and laterals 



Ditch 



Stone 



No. 



234 



76 



79 



7 



6 



t Three of the orchards are duplicated in this group, which accounts for the greater number of arti- 

 ficially drained orchards. 



Relation of drainage to yield and income 



A naturally well-drained soil gives the best results. The four-year 

 average yield in such orchards, as shown in Table 19, is in round numbers 



Bulletin 254, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment 



* Pippin, E. O 

 Station. 



Drainage in New York. 



