202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Bouche. The male scale is of a considerably smaller size, the sides nearly- 

 straight, less rounded at the larger end, and of a brighter color. It will 

 seldom be found associated with the females on the bark, as its natural 

 place is on the leaves on either side, especially along the midrib (Riley). 

 If a recent uninjured female scale be carefully lifted after oviposition — at 

 any time during the winter — from fifty to a hundred small, oval, white 

 eggs may be found underneath it, which would ordinarily give out the 

 young insect about the first of June in the latitude of New York. 



This destructive scale is far from being confined to the apple, but may 

 also be found on the plum, pear, raspberry, wild gooseberr}'^, wild cherry ,^ 

 red currant, sugar and swamp maples, white and black ash, birch, poplar, 

 willows, linden, horse-chestnut, elm, etc. It will be seen from the above, 

 that it has a large number of host-plants. 



The Scurfy Bark-Louse. 



This scale-insect, known to science, as Chionaspis furfuriis (Fitch), is 

 quite common in the State of New York, where, it is believed to be more 

 numerous and more injurious than in any other of the United States. I 

 have recently seen an orchard of the Kieffer pear, in Columbia Co., N. 

 Y., in which the trunks, of from three to four inches in diameter, were so 

 thickly coated with the scales that at a little distance they appeared as 

 if they had been whitewashed. 



The scale, as it appears when scattered over the bark, and the male 

 and female scales magnified, are shown in Fig. 2 of Plate VIIL The 

 young larva, the mature female, the male pupa, and the male, are repre- 

 sented in Figure 3 of the same Plate, which has been prepared under the 

 supervision of Mr. L. O. Howard, of the Entomological Division at 

 Washington, to illustrate the insect in his article on the " Scale Insects of 

 the Orchard" shortly to appear, and kindly furnished for use in this Bul- 

 letin by consent of the Department of Agriculture in advance of its own 

 publication. 



Dr. Fitch has described so faithfully the appearance of a badly infested 

 tree and of the scale, that his account is transcribed herewith : " The 

 bark of the limb [pear tree] was covered with an exceedingly thin film, 

 appearing as if it had been coated over with varnish, which had dried 

 and cracked and was peeling off in small irregular flakes, forming a kind 

 of scurf or dandruff on the bark. In places this pellicle was more thick 

 and firm, and elevated into little blister-like spots of a white and waxy 

 appearance, of a circular or broad oval form, less than the tenth of an inch 

 in diameter, abruptly drawn out into a little point at one end, which point 



