222 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



may be both oviparous and viviparous, for while generally regarded as 

 giving out its young alive (the young shown within the body of the parent 

 in Fig. 2 of Plate XIV), it is also recorded as producing eggs. Ur. Riley 

 has stated of it {loc. cit.) — "specimens examined in December, 1879, 

 showed that the mature females were hibernating, and that with some of 

 them were found a few eggs and recently hatched larvje : " on the au- 

 thority of Professor Comstock [Rept. Commis. Agricul. for 1880, p. 305), 

 "the eggs are white : " Matthew Cooke has written {Inj. Ins. Orchardf 

 Vineyard, etc., 1883, p. 62) — "each female produces from thirty-five to 

 fifty eggs ; " VV. G. Klee, State Inspector of Fruit Pests in California, 

 states [Bien. Rept. St. Bd. Horticul. Cal. for 1885 and 1886, p. 373) — 

 "eggs, thirty to fifty produced by each female; color yellow; form ovate;'* 

 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend, formerly of the New Mexico Agricultural Ex- 

 periment Station, states of the eggs — "According to Comstock, the eggs 

 are white; but according to my own observation, they turn to an orange- 

 yellow color in the spring. They hatch here about the first or second week 

 in May " {Bulletin No. 7 New Mexico Agr. Exper. Stat., June, 1892, p. 7). 

 Other writers have also mentioned the eggs. As opposed to this, how- 

 ever, — in colonies of the scale carried over on potted pear trees in the 

 Insectary of the Entomological Division at Washington during the winter 

 of 1893-4, although watched with care and subjected to daily observation, 

 in no instance were eggs seen {^Bisect Life, vii, p. 287). 



Early in June, ordinarily, in New York and New Jersey, the young 

 escape from underneath the scale, and for a short time may be seen 

 traveling activel} over the branches, when they fasten themselves to the 

 bark and comrrience to secrete a scale. They are not all given out at the 

 same time, even the members of the same family. How long the hiber- 

 nating female continues to reproduce, is not known. It is thought by 

 Dr. Smith that it may extend over the greater part of the summer, and 

 until "their grand- daughters are already full-grown with nearly full-grown 

 progeny : there may be, therefore, upon a plant at one time, young born 

 of as many as three or even four distinct generations." Certain it is that 

 examination of an infested orchard will show the presence of the young, 

 traveling insects at any one time from early June until nearly the last of 

 autumn. On son)e pieces of twigs cut in Mr. Morrell's orchard on 

 November ist, the little yellow young were seen in motion two days 

 thereafter in my oflfice. It is probable that the young will not survive 

 on a twig cut fi'om the tree, for more than four or five days. 



