No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 203 



Jlie Agricultural Experiment Stations and put in practice the recom- 

 raendalious they contain. The dairymen ot i'ennsylauia owe a heavy 

 debt of gratitude to such able workers in their behalf as Professors 

 Armsby, Hayward and their associates of the reunsylvania State 

 College. 



Perhaps there is no one thing which will so well repay the breeder 

 of dairy cattle for his time and trouble as that of keeping an accurate 

 account of each cow's production of milk and butter fat. It is not a 

 complex or difficult matter. Have a spring balance in the stable, 

 and weigh on it each cow's mess as soon as milked; set the amount 

 opposite the cow's name on a sheet ruled for a month; give each cow 

 a separate page in a blank book, and transfer to it her total produc- 

 iion month by month. At the end of the year, the record will show 

 which cows are earning money for their owner, and which losing it. 

 The quality of milk from time to time may be tested by the Babcock 

 test or by separate churning. Unprofitable animals should be 

 promptly sold for beef. 



"Cleanliness is next to godliness," says the old proverb, and of so 

 much importance do I consider it in dairy breeding that I class it as 

 one of the fundamentals of success. Filth and disease always go 

 linked arm in arm. 



An abundance of light and air in the stable will pay big dividends 

 on the investment. Sunshine in itself is a grand disinfectant and 

 tonic, while the value of pure air is simply inestimable. 



The most widely prevailing scourge among dairy cattle is tuber- 

 culosis. In its early stages there is no external means of detecting 

 its presence. The Koch test is searching and accurate. No animal 

 should be purchased which has not received, and successfully stood 

 the test. Furthermore, the prudent breeder will have his herd tested 

 every year or so, even if he has no reasons for supposing that it con- 

 tains any diseased animals. As a citizen of Pennsylvania, I feel 

 proud of the work done towards exterminating tuberculosis under 

 the wise leadership of Dr. Leonard Pearson. 



Dairy animals like human beings require a certain amount of daily 

 exercise for their best development. The fond mother who shuts 

 her child up in a warm house and keeps him there during the long 

 winter months, is doing him an injury instead of a kindness; and 

 the dairyman who neglects to give his cow's half an hour's exercise 

 every day in the open air in winter, will in my judgment, pay dearly 

 for his error. 



There are many cows in the Jersey breed in every herd that if al- 

 lowed so to do would milk from calving to calving. To permit them 

 to do so it is to let the copper cent hide the gold dollar. The vitality 

 of the cows and their offspring is lessened; hence, their capacity is 

 reduced, and they are rendered more likely to fall a prey to the at 

 14_6_1901 



