No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 235 



prepared breakfast foods, such as oatmeal, rolled oats and others 

 bearing proprietary names. From the manufacture of all these 

 there are derived by-products which find their way into the market 

 mostly as cattle foods. The by-products most important in this con- 

 nection are those coming from oats. In the first place, the manu- 

 facturer uses only the largest and heaviest grains and rejects the 

 smaller and lighter ones. The latter are sold to the farmers. From 

 the heavy, larger grains the hull is removed, the kernel itself being all 

 that is used in preparing foods for human consumption. These oat 

 hulls should either be burned or sold for some inferior purpose, but, 

 so far as I can judge, they are finding their way into the market to 

 be used either honestly or dishonestly in the manufacture of mixed 

 feeding stuffs. This will be referred to in discussing adulterations. 

 Two by-products from the manufacture of buckwheat flour are 

 buckwheat hulls and buckwheat middlings. The latter of these is a 

 valuable feeding stuff, the proportion of protein being practically the 

 same as that in gluten feed or the brewer's residues. The hulls are 

 comparatively worthless for feeding purposes. Often the middlings 

 and hulls are sold in the mixed condition, and in such cases the value 

 of the mixture depends upon the jjroportion of the hulls. 



7. Beet Sugar Wastes. Two new by-product feeding stuffs have 

 appeared among us since the introduction of the manufacture of beet 

 sugar in this countr}^, viz: Sugar beet pulp and sugar beet molasses. 

 The former in a fresh condition carries approximately 90 per cent, of 

 water, and can scarcely be a profitable feed at any great distance 

 from the factories owing to the great cost of transporting so much 

 useless material. This pulp is inferior to the same weight of beets 

 before extracting the sugar and does not differ essentially in its gen- 

 eral character from roots and other succulent carbohydrate feeding 

 stuffs. It appears that this sugar beet pulp is now offered in a dried 

 condition and if the price is sufficiently low it may doubtless be pur- 

 chased to advantage by those farmers who have an insufficient supply 

 of coarse foods. The only ingredient of value in beet sugar molasses 

 is the sugar which has not crystallized. This molasses contains from 

 50 to 60 per cent, of sugar and may be combined advantageously with 

 coarse fodders and nitrogenous feeding stuffs in making up a ration 

 for various classes of animals. 



8. Hominy Wastes. — In the manufacture of hominy quite a por- 

 tion of the maize kernel is rejected and is known in the market as 

 hominy feed. The composition of this by-product is not essentially 

 unlike that of the whole maize kernel, and it is very nearly equal to 

 corn meal in feeding value. At the present time the price of this 

 feeding stuff as compared with corn meal is such that it may be pur- 

 chased with advantage. 



The above is a brief reference to the principal feeding stuffs found 

 in the markets. A determination of the ones which a farmer can 



