398 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



ders, coal ashes and a little lime, or something that will not easily 

 jiulverize and create dust. 



The feeding trough should be elevated from four to six inches above 

 stable floor and should bo IS or twenty inches wide on the bottom, 

 which may be very durably supported on a stone or brick wall on 

 which may be built at 4x4inch white oak piece, to form the side of 

 trough next to the cow and on which the stancheon shall rest. 

 The stancheon may be supported at the top by a 3x3 inch 

 piece of less expensive material than the lower one, say hemlock, 

 which should be placed 6 inches farther back than the piece on the 

 wall, so the stancheon will set 6 inches farther back at the top than 

 at the bottom, so the cow will lie down from 4 inches to 6 inches 

 farther forward than when standing, which will aid greatly in keep- 

 ing her clean. I prefer the swinging stancheon, hung on three or four 

 links of chain top and bottom, giving sufficient liberty for perfect 

 comfort, and yet controlling her position sufficiently for safety and 

 cleanliness. The bottom of feeding trough may be of cement or an 

 inch board covering the wall is preferable and it may be separated 

 from entry hy slanting partition about two and one-half feet high of 

 light, cheap lumber, which may be held in place by small divisions 

 in trough between stalls, bracing it to studding between cows; 

 none of this lumber should be surfaced, as rough sawed lumber will 

 hold w'hitewash much better than a smooth finish. 



The entry floor should be of some material that could be swept 

 daily without unwarranted dust; cement is preferable; coal ashes and 

 lime mixed make a very good floor; boards are objectionable on ac- 

 count of offering harbor for rats, etc. 



There are many points of convenience in the modern cow barn upon 

 7/hich I might dwell, but the object of this paper is to discuss only 

 an inexpensive stable that possesses the up-to-date features, so I 

 leave the matter with you at this point. 



LIME AND ITS USES. 



BY DK. WILLIAM KUKAU. State College, Pa. 



The Director of Institutes has requested me to prepare for this 

 occasion a paper on the much and long discussed subject of lime and 

 its uses, a subject about which each of my hearers has probably 

 written or publicly talked. The main lines which my discussion of 

 the topic must follow are beaten tracks, therefore to all. I shall 



