PREFACE ix 



mission to reproduce the original painting by Mr. Norman 

 Wilkinson, Plate 102. For original photographs our 

 thanks are due to Mr. C. F. Hickling for Plate 99 ; Dr. E. J. 

 Allen, F.R.S., for an endpiece ; Mr. F. M. Davis for Plates 

 95, 118 left ; Mr. E. Ford for Plate 119 ; Mr. N. J. Berrill 

 for Plate 7 bottom ; Professor R. Dohrn for Plate 5 ; 

 Mr. Hammond for Plate 11 ; Mr. K. Hartley for Plate 

 96 right ; Institution of Civil Engineers for Plate 57. 

 Permission has been kindly granted by the authors of many 

 original works to reproduce illustrations, amongst whom 

 we wish to thank Mr. C. Tate Regan, F.R.S., for text-figure 

 17 ; Dr. Henry B. Bigelow for Plates 42 top, 46 top ; 

 Mr. Meade- Waldo for text-figure 22 ; Professor A. C. Haddon 

 F.R.S., for text-figure 16 ; Professor Johs. Schmidt for 

 Plate 35 and text-figure 13 ; Dr. Werner Klinkhardt for 

 Plate 30 ; Dr. B. W. Evermann for Plate 60 ; Dr. W. T. 

 Caiman, F.R.S., for Plates 80 top, 89 top ; Dr. J. Travis 

 Jenkins for text-figure 49 ; to Professor S. J. Hickson for 

 text-figure 65 from his " Introduction to the Study of 

 Corals " ; to Dr. E. W. Cudger for plate 32 ; to Mr. J. T. 

 Nichols for Plate 42. 



Our thanks are also due to the following societies and 

 scientific institutes for allowing us to reproduce illustra- 

 tions from their publications and in many cases for the 

 loan of blocks ; the Royal Society, London, for Plate 35 

 and text-figure 17 ; to the Zoological Society, London, 

 for Plate 123 bottom and text-figure 22 ; to the Natural 

 History Museum, South Kensington, for text-figures 

 20 and 21 ; to the Marine BiologicaP Association of the 

 United Kingdom for Plates 7 top, 49, 118 right, and text- 

 figures 43, 45; to the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' 

 Society for text-figure 18 ; to the Director of the Stazione 

 Zoologica, Naples, for Plates 5 top, 27, 39, 41, 56 ; to the 

 Institute of Oceanography, Monaco, for Plate 28 ; to the 



