x PREFACE 



American Museum of Natural History for Plates 32 bottom, 

 42 bottom, 103, 104, 123 top ; to the Bureau of Fisheries 

 Washington, for Plates 42 top, 46 top, 67, 69 ; to the 

 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, for Plate 35 ; to the 

 Ray Society, London, for Plates 77, 81 ; to the National 

 Research Council, Washington, for Plate 54 ; to the 

 Carnegie Institution of Washington for Plates 73 left, 93 ; 

 to Harvard University, U.S.A., for Plate 89 bottom ; to the 

 Discovery Committee, London, for Plate 103 top. 



To the following publishers and others we wish to express 

 our thanks for their kind permission to reproduce many 

 illustrations : The Controller of H.M. Stationery Office, 

 London, for Plates 4, 7, and text-figures 2, 61, from the 

 Report of the Scientific Results of the Exploring voyage of 

 H.M.S. Challenger, and text-figure 56 ; to the Ministry of 

 Agriculture and Fisheries for Plates 95, 111, 118 left, and 

 text-figure 56 ; to Messrs. Bartholomew for Plate 3 from 

 The Times Atlas; to Mr. John Murray for text-figure 3 

 from the Challenger Society's handbook, Science of the 

 Sea ; and text-figures 36, 37, from Charles Darwin's 

 Coral Reefs : to Messrs. Arnold & Co. for Plates 5 bottom, 

 45 bottom, 112 top, from Sir William Herdman's Founders 

 of Oceanography ; to the Government Printing Office, 

 Washington, for text-figure 13 ; to Messrs. Benn Bros, 

 for text-figures 27, 28, 29, 30, from Discovery ; to Messrs. 

 Frederick Warne & Co., Ltd., for text-figure 4 from Shell 

 Life, by Edward Step, and Plate 112 bottom from Fishes 

 of the British Isles, by J. Travis Jenkins ; to Messrs. 

 Macmillan & Co., Ltd., for Plates 21, 25 left, 33, 38, 71 

 top, 72, 76 top, and text-figures 8, 10, from The Depths 

 of the Ocean, by Sir John Murray and Professor Johan 

 Hjort, for Plate 25 right from Sir C. Wyville Thomson's 

 The Depths of the Sea, and for Plate 80 and text-figure 19 

 from the Cambridge Natural History ; to Herr Gustav 



