Teacher's Leaflet. 1179 



great numbers, hunting eagerly for them in every crevice of the trees. It is there- 

 fore good pohcy for us to coax these birds to our orchards by placing beef fat on 

 the branches and thus entice these little caterpillar-hunters to visit the trees 

 every day. 



It is an interesting fact that the codling caterpillars which make cocoons before 

 August 1st, change immediately to pupae which change soon to moths, and thus 

 another generation gets in its work before the apples are harvested. 



The codling moth is a beautiful little creature with delicate antennae and a 

 brown, mottled and banded body; its wings are graced by wavy bands of ashy 

 and brown lines and the tips of the front wings are dark brown with a pattern 

 of gold bronze wrought into them; the hind wings are shiny brown with darker 

 edges and little fringes. The moths issue in the spring and lay their eggs on the 

 young apples just after the petals fall. The egg looks like a minute drop of dried 

 milk and is laid on the side of the bud; but the little larva soon after it is hatched 

 crawls to the blossom-end and finds entrance there, and it is therefore important 

 that its first lunch should include a bit of arsenic and thus end its career before it 

 fairly begins. The trees should be sprayed with some arsenical poison directly 

 after the petals fall and before the five lobes of the calyx close up around the 

 stamens. If the trees are sprayed while blossoming the pollen is washed away 

 and the apples do not set; moreover, the bees which help us much in carrying 

 pollen are killed. If the trees are sprayed directly after the calyx closes up around 

 the stamens the poison does not lodge at the base of the stamens and the little 

 rascals get into the apples without getting a dose. 



THE WINTER STARS. 



Although the summer offers balmy evenings for star study, yet the 

 winter evenings come sooner and the clear atmosphere and beautiful 

 blue of the heavens make the stars seem more alive, more sparkling 

 and more beautiful. 



These lessons should be given by copying the given diagram on 

 the blackboard. Begin with the pole star, the big lipper and Orion 

 and tell the pupils in just what part of the sky to look for them. 

 Then add the others, one at a time, until they are learned. 



Lesson XXIX. 

 ORION (O-ri'-on). 



Purpose. — To learn the stars of Orion and to map them. 

 Observations: 



(i): Where is Orion in relation to the Pole Star? 

 (2). How many stars in the belt of Orion? 



(3). How many stars in the sword? Can you see plainly the third 

 star from the bottom of the sword? 



