206 



Bulletin 274. 



monitor is particularly adapted to houses facing east and west, where 

 advantage must be taken of the morning and afternoon sun. 



There are other styles of roof, such as the A-shape, hip-roof (Fig. 

 40-F), etc., which are desirable only under particular conditions. The A- 

 shaped roof is the simplest in construction, but does not provide good 

 head room. The hip-roof provides the largest floor space for a given 

 amount of material in sides, ends and roof. Like the A house it is 

 adapted only to single or double pen houses. 



Roofing material 



The material to be used will depend upon the pitch of the roof. 

 Shingles require a 3^ pitch, or steeper. Prepared roofing papers can be 



D 



Fig. 40. — Types of roofs 



used on roofs nearly flat. A shingle roof being of loose construction is 

 cooler in the summer as well as in the winter. The low-pitched, tight- 

 papered roof is warmer in the winter and very warm in the summer. 



The foundation 



In the foundation the essentials are durability and dryness. Founda- 

 tion walls should be built deep enough to prevent heaving by the frost, 

 and high enough to prevent surface water from entering; heavy enough 

 to support the building; economical as to cost of labor and materials, 

 and rat-proof. Wood posts lack durability, permit the wind to blow 

 under the house and are likely to settle. Loose-stone walls do not 

 furnish a smooth surface for the sills and are likely to fall down. Stone 

 walls laid in mortar require a skilled mason to construct and, therefore, 

 are too expensive. 



