pASTUKKs IN New York. 491 



About August ist, 1909, Mr. Kutschbach mowed one-half the pas- 

 ture. The grass was allowed to lie on the ground. Later in the season 

 this part of the field was by far a better pasture than the unmown. 



Rsseeding without plowing. — Reseeding without plowing is coming 

 into favor. Mr. Fraser at* Geneseo is reseeding the old pastures on the 

 Wadsworth Estate. He uses sixty cents' to a dollar's worth of seed 

 per acre. He practices light seeding in order that the loss will not be 

 so heavy in an unfavorable season. The same amount may be used for 

 two or three years in succession. Timothy forms the chief ingredient 

 of the mixture, with a small amount of Kentucky blue-grass, meadow 

 fescue and the clovers added. If a light dressing of manure can be 

 added after seeding, success will be more certain. The usual time 

 of reseeding is early in the spring while the ground is open. 



ORANGE HAWKWEED AND FERNS 



Orange hawkweed or paint brush. — This plant is attracting more 

 attention in this state than any other weed. It has been reported from 

 forty-three counties. It is likely present to some extent in most of the 

 remaining counties. The weed was introduced from Europe a number 

 of years ago, and was first grown for ornamental purposes. It has 

 proved to be more ornamental than useful. Curiously it is said to give 

 no trouble in its native home. 



Although it is a bad weed it is evidently giving the farmer more 

 concern than necessary. It is often said that where it grows nothing 

 else will thrive. Doubtless the remark should be reversed. In most 

 sections where it is the most plentiful, it seems to have appeared worst 

 in fields where conditions are unfavorable to the growth of useful plants. 

 In nearly all sections it has first been noticed in old, run-down pas- 

 tures or meadows which have been unplowed for years. Its presence 

 in large numbers indicates an acid condition of the soil. It is usuallv 

 co-existent with red-top, sorrel, and five-finger sometimes called wild 

 strawberry (Potentilla Canadensis). It never gives any trouble in 

 land which will grow alfalfa, nor is it often seen in meadows which 

 will grow good crops of timothy hay and common red clover. 



The plant has two methods of propagation, — by seed3 and by runners. 

 The runners are similar to tuose of the strawberry plant. It is likely 

 to be first introduced into a locality by means of se^ds, either blown 

 from a neighboring farm or sown with grass seeds. It is not improbable 

 also that the seeds are spread by farm animals and birds. It is first 

 noticed here and there in patches. If not allowed to produce seeds 

 it spreads rapidly by means of runners. The writer noticed a few plants 



