588 



Bulletin 283. 



parent fly inserts her eggs under the skin of the apple. When full-grown the 

 maggot leaves the fruit, passes into the ground and there transforms inside a 

 tough, leathery case. Cultivation has been found to be of no value as a means 

 of control. The only effective treatment is to pick up all windfalls every two 

 or three days and either to feed them out or to bury them deeply, thus killing 

 the maggots. 



The small caterpillars live in pistol or cigar shaped cases about 

 Case-bearers. J inch long, that they carry around with them. They appear 



in spring on the opening buds at the same time as the bud-moth 

 and may be controlled by the same means. Cornell Bulletins 93 and 124. 



Fig. 193. — Just right to spray. Two 

 apples from which the petals have just 

 fallen. Note that calyx lobes are widely 

 spread. 



Fig. 194. — Almost too late to spray 

 effectively. Note that the calyx lobes are 

 nearly together. 



^SS "/ codling-moth on young apple. 



This scale is nearly circular in outline and about the size of a pin 

 San Jose scale, head (Fig. 195). When abundant it forms a crust on the 



branches and causes small red spots on the fruit. It multiplies 

 with marvelous rapidity, there being three or four broods annually and each mother 

 scale may give birth to several hundred yovmg. The young are bom alive and 

 breeding continues until late autumn, when all stages are killed by the cold 

 weather except the tiny, half-grown, black scales, many of which hibernate 

 safely. 



Spray thoroughly in the fall after the leaves drop, or early in the spring before 

 growth begins, with lime-sulfur wash. When badly infested make two appli- 

 cations, one in the fall and another in the spring. In case of large old trees, 25% 

 crude oil emulsion should be applied just as the buds are swelling. Geneva Bulle- 

 tins 262, 296, 320 and Circular 9. 



