6i2 ♦ Bulletin 283. 



TOMATO. 



This is the most destructive foliage disease of the tomato in the 



Septoria, state. The distinguishing character of this fungous disease is 



leaf-Spot. that it begins on the lower leaves and works toward the top, 



killing the foliage as it goes. It is controlled with difficulty 



because it is carried over winter in the diseased leaves and tops that fall to the 



ground. When setting out plants, pinch off all the lower leaves that touch the 



ground; also any leaves that show suspicious looking dead-spots. The trouble 



often starts in the seed-bed. Spray plants very thoroughly with Bordeaux, 



5-5-50, beginning as soon as the plants are set out. Stake and tie up for greater 



convenience in spraying. Spray under side of leaves. Spray every week or 



ten days. 



TURNIP. 



■ , This is the same disease as the club-root of cabbage. Same 



Club-root. treatment. 



This is a bacterial disease, the same as soft rot of cabbage. 

 Plant on soils free from the disease. Avoid planting varieties 

 especially susceptible to the trouble. The white turnip seems 

 to be more susceptible than the yellow varieties. 



WHEAT. 



This is conspicuous in the field at "heading" time. Both grain 

 Loose smut, and chaff are attacked and transformed into a loose black 



powder, most of which is blown away by harvest time, leaving 

 the stalk bare. It is common and destructive. In 1907, the average loss in New 

 York was at least 10 per cent. This smut is not controlled by treatment with for- 

 malin or other chemicals, but should be prevented by treating the seed with hot 

 water as explained on page 502. U. S. D. A. Bureau Plant Industry Bulletin 

 153, pages 39-41. It is well to plant a variety known to be resistant to the disease, 

 as Jones No. 6, or to use seed from fields known to have been free from smut. 



This is usually not detected until harvest time. The affected 

 Stinking smut, heads appear nearly normal, only the kernels being attacked. 



The diseased kernels are composed of a brown, foul-smelling 

 powder. They may be crushed easily between the thumb and finger. Readily 

 controlled by treating the seeds with formalin solution as for oat-smut, which see. 

 U. S. D. A. Farmers' Bulletin 250. 



IV. FUNGICIDES. 



The most important fungicides are as follows : Bordeaux mixture, con- 

 centrated lime-sulfur, self-boiled lime-sulfur, ammoniacal copper carbon- 

 ate, potassium sulfid, copper-sulfate, flowers of sulfur, corrosive sublimate, 

 formalin. 



Copper sulfate 4 lbs. stone lime or hydrated lime 4 lbs., water 



iJOrdeaUX ^^ ^^j^ Bordeaux is the fungicide most generally used. The 



mixture. strength varies according to the plant to be sprayed. The 



