1084 



Rural School Leaflet. 



3. Collar — used to protect the shoulder, thus enabling the horse to 

 draw heavy loads without injuring the shoulder. 



4. Hames — used to distribute weight along the collar. 



5. Hame tugs — used to fasten the traces to the hames. 



6. Traces — used to connect the hame tugs to the load. 



7. Martingale — often used to hold the girth in place in backing a 

 load, and sometimes attached to the lines to hold the horse's head in 

 position. 



8. Saddle — used to protect the back from the weight of the shafts, to 

 receive the check rein, to hold the lines and the parts of the harness 



in place. 



9. Girth- 

 used to hold 

 the harness in 

 place. 



10. Shaft 

 tug — used to 

 hold the shafts 

 in place. 



11. Back 

 strap — used to 

 hold the sad- 

 dle, hip straps, 

 and crupper in 

 place. 



12. Crupper 

 — used to hold 

 the hip straps 

 and in connec- 



FlG. 37 



tion with the back band to hold the saddle in place. 



13. Hip straps — used to hold the breeching in place. 



14. Breeching — used in connection with backing the load. 



15. Holdback straps — used to connect the breeching with the load 

 in order to hold back and in backing. 



16. Breast collar — often used in place of the leather collar when 

 the load is light. 



Purpose of the harness. — Upon reflection it is apparent that harnesses 

 are used for two purposes: first, to enable the driver to control the horse; 

 second, to enable the horse to control the load, to move it forward and 

 backward. To control the horse the driver must gain command of 

 the head, and this is best accomplished by the mouth, since it is well 



