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Home Nature-Study Course. 



Observations by pupils-' 



(i). Where was the mushroom found? If on the ground, was the 

 soil wet or dry? Was it in open fields or in woods? Or, was it found 



on rotten w^ood, fallen leaves, old trees 



J^.-^T^^^i^trx ^ „., or stumps or roots? Were there many 

 //;-'- ' . > .nirr^^^ ^ . „ or lew specmiens ? 

 I^^_^j«;r/J 1^^^^ Gills '^ 

 ^^^^tI^" ' (2). What shape is the cap — cone- 

 l;";"^'"*''^^'""''"* shaped, bell-shaped, convex, plane, con- 

 ■ '""'" cave or funnel-form? Has it a raised 

 point at the center or is it depressed? 

 ^ How wide is It? 

 (3). What is the color of the upper 

 ..Cup orVoiva surface of the cap when young? When 

 ^_Cl r-i -o « old ? Has it any spots of different colors 

 ^vlj^k^- -Buttons. . -> TT • 

 r^^^-i^^^ on It r Has it any striate markings, dots 

 Mycelium or fiuc graius on its surface? Is its 

 or Opuwn " 



texture smooth or scaly? Is its surface 

 dull or polished or slimy? Break the cap and note the color of the 

 juice. Is it milky? 



(4). Look beneath the cap. Is the 

 under surface divided into plates 

 like the leaves of a book or is it 

 porous ? 



( 5 ) . The plates like the leaves of ^ .^^^ ^ .^^^ ^.^^^ 



a book, are called gills, althougll free adnexed decunent 



they are not for the purpose of breathing as are the gills of a fish. Are 

 there more gills near the edge of the cap than near the stem? How does 

 this occur? What are the color of the gills? Are the gills the same 

 color when young as when old ? Are the lower edges of the gills sharp, 

 blunt or sawtoothed? 



(6). Break off a cap and note the relation of the gills to the stem. 

 If they do not join the stem at all they are termed "free." If they end 

 by being joined to the stem, they are called "adnate" or "adnexed." If 

 they extend down the stem they are called "decurrent." 



Cone- Bell- 

 shaped, shaped. 



Convex. 



c> 



Plane. 



Raised Depressed. Funnel 



at center. form. 



