192 



Bulletin 396 



Northern Spy apples punctured b}' the feeding bugs between June 12 

 and June 14 were photographed when examined on July 8, at which 

 time the characteristic splitting of the skin was well developed about 

 the wounds (fig. 25). The condition of the larger apple shown in figure 25 

 is almost an exact duplicate of the condition on July 8 of the Northern 

 Spy apple shown in figure 26. The mature apple (fig. 26) shows how 

 the scars have run together and healed to such an extent that no de- 

 pressions have been formed. 



The Baldwin apples punctured between June 10 and June 18 were 

 examined on July 3 , at which time they showed the characteristic splitting 

 of the skin about each of the punctures. This condition is well illustrated 

 in figure 28. It is at this stage that the scars very much resemble certain 



developments of 

 apple scab (fig. 29). 

 In figure 30 are shown 

 two mature Rhode 

 Island Greening 

 apples with the rus- 

 set scars produced 

 from the type of in- 

 juries illustrated in 

 figure 28. These look 

 very different from 

 the Rhode Island 

 Fig. 28. BALDWIN APPLES (JULY 3), SHOWING HOW THE SPLITS Gfeefiins SiGxAes, il- 



AND SCARS SPREAD FROM THE REDBUG PUNCTURES ° ^^ 



lustrated in figure 3 1 , 

 which show the scars resulting from the early-feeding punctures of the bugs. 

 Very soon after the adult bugs emerge, or by June 25 to 27, the apples 

 have attained such a size and the growth is so gradual that the punctures 

 made by the bugs do not split and enlarge as was the case earlier. In 

 figures 32 and 33 is shown the effect of late feeding of adult bugs, which 

 may result in mere dimples or in tiny russet spots, depending much on 

 the variety affected. The spots in the left-hand apple in figure 33 resemble 

 very closely the dimples caused by the deposition of eggs by the apple 

 maggot fly ; but if they were the work of the latter, a cross section of the 

 puncture would show where the egg was placed or the winding trail of 

 the maggot leading from it. The work of the apple-seed chalcid {Synto- 

 niaspis druparum) may resemble the work of apple maggot flies or very 

 late-feeding punctures of redbugs, but in injury by the chalcid the larvae 

 of the fly may be found in the seeds or a careful section will show the 

 slender, straight trail of the ovipositor leading to the seeds. 



30^ 



