204 Bulletin 396 



was soon after the young apples had set. The apples that recovered from 

 this injury developed a characteristic scar band usually extending around 

 the middle of the fruit but in some cases either nearer the base or toward 

 the calyx. Scars resulting from frost injury can usually be recognized 

 by the splitting of the skin along the axis of the fruit, which makes the 

 scar band uneven (figs. 51 and 52). Certain apples were only slightly 



Fig. 52. GENESEE FLOWER APPLE SHOW- FiG. 53. MAIDEN BLUSH APPLE WITH 



ING FROST INJURY WHICH HAS SPLIT FROST INJURY, THE RUSSET BAND 



THE SKIN .\LONG THE AXIS OF THE HAVING BROKEN INTO SEPARATE 



FRUIT PARTS 



frosted, and in these cases the scars appeared in only two or three places 

 around the circumference of the fruit. In such fruits the scars were in some 

 cases difficult to distinguish from the injuries produced by redbugs. Iso- 

 lated frost scars always appear as splits along the axis of the fruit (fig. 53), 

 while the scars produced by redbugs are very irregular and extend in all 

 directions. 



SCARS RESULTING FROM SPRAY INJURY 



Lime-sulfur spray as ordinarily used — i to 40 — will, if the young 

 fruit is drenched, cause slight burning, but the extent of injury depends 

 much on the variety affected. The Tompkins King apple is particularly 

 tender, and it is this variety that shows oftenest the efifects of spray injury 

 (fig. 54). In some cases the injury results in russet scars which in some 

 respects may resemble the work of redbugs. In figure 55 is shown a 

 perfectly shaped Baldwin apple which has typical russet scars produced 

 by the slight burning from lime-sulfur spray. This type of scar may 

 usually be recognized by the many fine and irregularly placed russet 

 streaks and cracks. 



MECHANICAL INJURIES 



.\])ples frequently become scarred by rubbing against limbs and bv 

 striking stubs or sharp limb ends. In figure 56 is shown a Rhode Island 



3f4 



