No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 299 



Tliis can be best done by going along one side of the row and back 

 on the other. The sowing should be immediately cultivated in, and 

 it is there ready for use by the young plants. The cultivator should 

 be started as soon as plants are set, and kept going until fall. 



If grown in matted row, no tw"o plants should be closer than six 

 inches, and the row should^not be allowed to get more than eighteen 

 inches in width. When the ground becomes frozen in the winter, 

 apply the mulch. Stable manure, in which plenty of wheat straw 

 is used for bedding, makes the best mulch, though any material that 

 does not lie too closely will do. When spring growth begins, if 

 mulch is too thick for plants to get through, remove part and leave 

 it between the rows. 



There are many other points that might be discussed, such as va- 

 rieties, fertilization of the pistillates, protection from late spring 

 frosts, etc., but time will not permit. 



IS IT ADVISABLE TO GKOW SMALL FRUITS IN YOUNG OR- 

 CHARDS? 



By W. B. K. JOHNSON, Allentown, P.i. 



In reference to growing small fruits in young orchards, I notice 

 there are some exceptions to my experience, whether soil, climatic 

 conditions or the management has anything to do, is not clear to 

 me, and will not endeavor to enter into that part, but leave it for 

 discussion. 



About fifteen years ago 1 set out a pear orchard of some four 

 hundred and fifty trees; io part, I planted the Ferndale raspberry. 

 The first two years the pear trees made an ordinary growth for 

 transplanted trees; the raspberries made a strong growth, coming 

 high into my pear trees and beneficial to the trees. The third year I 

 kept the raspberries lower, consetxuently spreading more, by forming 

 branches. The tops of the pear trees were free from any shade, 

 making a very satisfactory growth, and the raspberries shaded the 

 stems of the pear tree so that not one was sun scalded on the south- 

 west side of the tree. I had my high w^ater mark the following year 

 with the crop of raspberries, which was, from a little less than three- 

 quarters of an acre, four thousand three hundred and sixty-eight 

 quart boxes. The balance of this orchard was in other crops, to 



