Raisinc, \'H(;i:TAnLF:s for Canning 1563 



but shallow cultivation may be done with horse-i)ower tools if they are 

 handled properly. For this purpose they should have eleven or twelve 

 small teeth. Between the jjlants in the row or between the hills, the hoe 

 should be used in order to break the soil just under the surface and to 

 destroy weeds at the same time. Some persons prefer to use the light 

 onion hoes, so that they may work quickly and easily near the plants. 



For climbing beans, poles should be erected or a trellis constructed. 

 A single pole from five to nine or ten feet high should be set in the center 

 of each hill, or a trellis may be made of chicken wire four or five feet high 

 or a system of strings running from one ■wire to another. 



Diseases and their remedies. — There are a number of diseases afTecting 

 the bean in New York, and the most destructive of thevSe is the bean 

 anthracnose, though the bean blight often causes considerable loss. In 

 order to avoid anthracnose, only clean seed, obtained by selecting seed 

 from pods free from the diseased spots, should be planted. Hand sorting 

 of seed and seed treatment will not control this disease, but spraying the 

 plants thoroughly by hand with bordeaux mixture 5-5-50 is a good remedy. 

 The plants should be sprayed three times : first, when they break through 

 the ground; second, when the first pairs of leaves are unfolded; third, 

 when the pods have set. 



Blight aflfects the leaves chiefi3% forming large dead spots. Spraying 

 with bordeaux mixture, as for anthracnose, is said to reduce the injury. 



Insect pests and methods of control. — The principal insect enemy of the 

 bean in New York State is the bean weevil. This pest proves very destruc- 

 tive when attempt is made to grow beans in the southern counties of the 

 State, but ordinarily it does little damage in the northern counties. As 

 a means of controlling this insect, the bean seed should be treated in the 

 following way: Place two or three bushels of beans in an ordinary tight 

 barrel, such as an oil barrel, and pour over them six ounces of bisulfide 

 of carbon for each bushel of seed. Close the top of the barrel with a tight- 

 fitting head, seal it by covering the top with moistened newspapers, and 

 leave it thus for forty-eight hours. Bisulfide of carbon is highly explosive, 

 and care should be exercised not to have lighted cigars, pipes, or matches 

 near the barrel. After the beans are removed from the barrel, they should 

 be tested in water before they are planted. All good seeds will sink, but 

 those infested with weevil will float. 



Harvesting. — Beans should not be harvested when the pods are moist, 

 tor this is conducive to the spread of anthracnose on the pods. Beans 

 should be harvested when they are of the proper size and are tender. If 

 the small, or French, beans are desired for canning, the pods should be 

 picked when very small, three-sixteenths inch in diameter and from two 

 to three inches long; otherwise, harvesting can be delayed until the pods 



