Introductiox to the Principles of Soil Fertility 



1761 



We may see these processes in operation by the roadside after a shower 

 of rain, or in the garden, as well as in mountain parks. In the Alps 

 Moimtains, in Switzerland, the moiintain tops are capped by snow and 

 ice which slide down the gorges uith a tremendous grinding force; the 



m^mmmum 



Fig. 5. — Map showing the distribution of the more important groups of soils in the 



State 



1, Calcareous (lime-bearing) glacial soils. Mostly gray to broivn heavy loam. Ontario 

 series dominant 



2, Sotithern New York highland region. Glacial soils, yellow to brown stony loam. Volusia 

 series dominant. Non-calcareous. Valleys occupied by gravelly and sandy terraces 



3, Red glacial soil. Mostly stony loam. Highland region. Non-calcareous. Lacka- 

 wanna series 



4, Hudson valley upland. Gray to yellow and brown glacial stony loam. Surface 

 very uneven. Rock exposures frequent. Non-calcareous. Dutchess series dominant, 



5, Glacial granitic and gneissic soils. Stony and non-calcareous. Heavy sandy loams. 

 Gloucester series dominant 



6, Igneous, mountain country. Non-agricultural 



7, Lake bottom soils, stratified. Range from heavy clay to loose sand and gravel. Silt 

 loam and clay loam predominate. Moderately calcareous. Dunkirk and Vergennes 

 series dominant 



8, Atlatitic coastal plain soils. Chiefly rather loose quartz sand and gravel, with yellow 

 silt loam topsail 



9, Catskill mountain region. Very thin, rough glacial soils of shale and sandstone 

 origin. Largely non-agricultural 



ice melts, and the great volume of water resulting flows away with such 



violence as to furrow the rock slopes and carry away every bit of loose 



material. Trees and smaller plants pr\^ their roots into the fissures, and 



winds send blasts of sand and dust against the ledges. Thus by degrees 



the mountain of rock becomes a plain of soil. 

 Ill 



