The Cornell Reading-Courses 



PUBLISHED BY THE 

 NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY 



B. T. Galloway, Dean 



COURSE FOR THE FARM, ROYAL GILKEY. Supervisor 



Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Ithaca, New York 



VOL. IV. No. 84 



MARCH 15, 1915 



INSECT SERIES 

 No. 1 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE FRUIT OF THE APPLE 



C. R. Crosby and M. D. Leonard 



N' 



'EARLY five hundred species of insects 

 have been reported as feeding on the 

 apple; however, a relatively small number 

 of species are responsible for the heavy losses. 

 In this lesson are discussed only the more 

 important insects that attack the fruit itself: 

 namely, codling moth, apple maggot, apple 

 redbugs, fruit-tree leaf-roller, and green fruit- 

 worms. The San Jose scale often stunts the 

 fruit and disfigures it with red spots; but, as 

 the more important injury is to the twigs and 

 branches, this insect will be discussed in a 

 future lesson. The plum curculio also causes 

 the fruit to become knotty and deformed; it 

 will be treated as a plum pest. 



Owing to the stringent requirements of the apple packing law of 19 14, 

 fruit growers have been forced to take a greater interest in producing 

 fruit free from all blemishes caused by insects. In order to produce 

 clean fruit it is necessary that the fruit grower should be famihar with the 

 various types of injury caused by the more important insect enemies of 

 his crop, and that he should be acquainted with the more important facts 

 in their life history. Most injurious insects have at least one vulnerable 

 point in their life cycle when it is possible to do the most effective work in 

 destroying them. .Familiarity with the various stages of each pest is 

 necessary in order to ascertain which are these weak spots and when they 

 occur. 



THE CODLING MOTH 



Carpocapsa pomonella Linnasus 



For nearly a century the codling moth has been the most serious insect 

 enemy of the apple in New York. A native of Europe it was introduced 

 into New England in the early part of the eighteenth century, whence 



[1895] 



