Insects Injurious to the Fruit of the Apple 



1897 



Fig. 93. — Pupce of codling moth, in their cocoons. Enlarged 



With the first warm days of spring the caterpillars begin to transform to 

 dark brownish pupae. The transformation usually takes place within the 

 cocoon in which 

 the caterpillar 

 spent the winter, 

 but in case the 

 cocoon is in a 

 deep crevice or 

 under a tight 

 flake of bark, the 

 caterpillar may 

 leave its winter 

 quarters to con- 

 struct a new 

 cocoon nearer 



the surface; in the latter pupation takes place. Sometimes the cater- 

 pillar, without leaving the cocoon, merely opens the end and spins a silken 

 tube out to the surface through which the moth is easily able to gain its 

 freedom. 



The pupa (Fig. 93) is about one-half inch in length; it is at first yellowish 

 in color, but later it turns brown. The rate at which the caterpillars trans- 

 form to pupae depends considerably on the temperature, and pupation is 

 greatly retarded by cold, backward weather. The average time spent in 

 the pupa state is about four weeks for the spring brood. 



The moths emerge during a period of several weeks, but the time at 



which the greater number appear 

 varies considerably with the season; 

 it is, however, usually about two 

 weeks after the blossoms fall. The 

 moths with wings expanded measure 

 about three-fourths of an inch. The 

 front wings have the general appear- 

 ance of watered silk, which effect is 

 produced by alternating irregular 

 lines of brown and bluish gray. 

 Near the hind angle is a large light 

 brown area, bounded on the inner 

 side by an irregular chocolate brown 

 band, and crossed by two similar 

 bands of a coppery or golden color 

 in certain Hghts. The hind wings are coppery brown, darker towards 

 the margin. The two sexes are very similar in appearance (Fig. 94). 



Fig. 94. — Codling moth, enlarged 



