Insects Injurious to the Fruit of the Apple 



1899 



Fig. 98. — Exit hole 

 of codling moth 

 larva, plugged 

 with frass 



97. — Full-grown codling moth 

 Imrroiving in an apple 



in length and is pinkish white in color with the head darker brown and 



the thoracic and anal shields lighter brown (Fig 99). 

 Most of the larvae come out of the 



fruit before it falls, and crawl down 



the branches until they find a suitable 



place in which to spin cocoons. The 



caterpillars of the spring brood are 



divided into two classes: first, over- 

 wintering caterpillars, those that do 

 not transform to 

 pupifi until the fol- 

 lowing spring; 

 second, transforming 

 larvae, those that - 



transform during the 

 same season pro- 

 ducing another gen- 

 eration. The larvae Fig. 

 that winter over spin 



thicker, stronger cocoons than those that are destined 

 to transform during the same season. The cocoons of 



the transforming larvae are used only for a short time, are therefore more 



loosely woven, and are provided 



with an exit tube for the moth. In 



New York the transforming larvae, 



as a rule, leave the fruit before 



August I , but they comprise only a 



small percentage of the total num- 

 ber that spin cocoons before that 



date. The moths of the second 



brood begin to emerge about the 



first of August and continue until 



the early part of September. Within 



a few days these moths begin to 



lay eggs, which hatch in about ten 



days. A larger proportion of the 



eggs of the second brood are laid 



on the fruit than is the case with 



the first brood, and a larger pro- 

 portion of the larvae of the second 



brood enter the fruit at the side than did the first brood. These cater- 

 pillars remain in the fruit, on an average, between five and six weeks 



Fig. 



99. — Full-grown codling moth larva, 

 enlarged about three times 



