I2o6 



Rural School Leaflet 



The Shorthorn probably is held in higher favor in the United States 

 than the other beef breeds, with the Hereford second; the Aberdeen- 

 Angus stands third, and the Galloway fourth. 



New York is primarily a dairy State. Very little beef is raised in this 

 State except, perhaps, in the western part. Most of the beef consumed is 

 imported into the State from the great western markets. 



In order to make the study of the cow successful, the teacher should 

 use every opportunity to become acquainted with the details of dairy 

 work. There are excellent opportunities to use dairy problems in the 

 aritlimetic and bookkeeping classes. Children who become interested in 

 the business side of dairy farming will be a help and an inspiration to their 

 parents and will interest the parents in the school so that they will co- 

 operate with the boys and girls and the teacher. 





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II. RUMINATION IN CATTLE" 

 E. SUNDERVILLE 



(New York State Veterinary College) 



Editors' note. — Since inquiries have been made from time to time on 

 rumination in cattle, and many teachers have asked for information that 

 will enable them to give intelligent answers to the questions asked on this 

 subject by boys and girls, the following lesson is included. 



Many boys and girls on the farm have at some time watched the cow 

 eating, and, afterward, have watched her while she drowsily chewed her 



cud. They have wondered what 

 the process was. 



The cow, the sheep, and the 

 goat have a much more complex 

 system of chewing and digesting 

 food than have other domestic 

 animals, and, for that reason, 

 they are classed in one great 

 group known as ruminants. This 

 name is given to these animals 

 because they ruminate, or chew 

 the cud. Another characteristic 

 of ruminants is that they have 

 no front teeth on the upper jaw, 

 but, instead, a thick tough 

 cushion called the dental pad. 



Ruminants, while feeding at the manger or grazing, take their food 



'J.'.'ustratigns taljen from Sjsspn's Anatomy. 



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Stomach of ruminant showing the four parts 



