I2I2 RlKAL SlHOOL LEAFLET 



means of ventilation in old stables if the owner is a wide-awake manager 

 with his mind open to the best in his power for the comfort of his 

 animals. All the dairy papers and the experiment stations are ready at 

 any time to help and to suggest means of bettering stable conditions, with 

 jjlans that may be had for the asking. Most of these i)lans are simjjle 

 and ccont)mical, and farmers arc fully capable of putting tlicm into 

 execution. 



Cows should be watered at least twice a day. The water should be 

 pure, and, if possible, it should be free from ice at all times of the year. 

 If cows have a place to drink where ice does not form, and if they are 

 watered twice a day, it does not seem necessary to warm the water arti- 

 ficially. It is important to avoid chilling the animal so that she will not 

 shiver after drinking. Any system is a good watering-system that 

 will furnish pure water and that works so that the cow gets all that she 

 requires at least twice in twenty-four hours. 



A cow should be furnished with about one ounce of salt every day. 

 The practice of the best dairymen varies. The writer would suggest 

 feeding each cow about two ounces of salt three times a week, either 

 mixing it in the grain feed or merely throwing it into the manger any 

 time during the day. 



If boys and girls, in helping their fathers to take care of the cows, will 

 keep in mind the foregoing suggestions, New York State will have some of 

 the finest, cleanest, and tamest cows in the world. 



IV. THE CALF 



E. S. Savage 



The proper feeding and care of calves are fully as important as the feeding 

 and the care of the older cattle, for poorly nourished and neglected calves 

 cannot become well-developed cattle. No one knows just how far-reaching 

 may be the consequences of the treatment given young cattle in the first 

 twelve or fifteen months of their lives, what the effect of stunting may 

 be even though they are properly fed afterwards, or what the effect of 

 ideal treatment may be on high production during the mature years. 

 The little evidence there is shows that the calves must not be 

 neglected. 



There is great satisfaction in having a bunch of sleek, healthy calves. 

 The proper management and feeding of calves may often be the source 

 of self-satisfaction and self-respect to farm boys and girls because on many 

 small farms this work is left to the children, particularly to the boys. 

 This is as it should be. All boys should have chores to do, and the feeding 

 of calves may well form part of their home duties. It brings a boy in 

 contact with animals, and if he is furnished with the proper feeds for them 



