42 NKW Vdl^K SI ATI-: MI 'SI" KM 



Siluric. Clifton Springs, Ontario co. and Massena Springs, St 

 Lawrence co. are among th^ localities where snlfureted waters oc- 

 cur and arc utilized. 



The Oak Orchard springs in the town of Byron, Genesee co. 

 are noteworthy for their acid waters which contain a considerable 

 proportion of ahiminuni, iron calcium and magnesium, besides free 

 sulfuric acid. 



The Lebanon spring, Columbia co. is the single i-eprescntative in 

 the State of the class of thermal springs. It has a temperature of 

 75° F. and is slightly charged with carbon dioxid and nitrogen. 



Ordinary spring waters. The greater quantity of spring 

 waters consumed in the State belongs to the nonmedicinal, non- 

 carbonated class, represented by such springs as the Great Bear, 

 Deep Rock, Mount View, Sun Ray, Chemung etc. The waters 

 are obtained either from flowing springs or from artesian wells and 

 are shipped in carboys or in tank cars to the principal cities where 

 they are bottled and distributed by wagons among the consumers. 

 The essential feature of such waters is their freedom from noxious 

 impurities. This is generally safeguarded by the care exercised in 

 the handling of the waters wdiich are also regularly examined in 

 chemical and bacteriological laboratories. . 



Carbon dioxid. Besides the sale of mineral waters, an extensive 

 industry has been developed in the State in connection with carbon 

 dioxid W'hich is given off by some of the springs. The collection, 

 storage and shipment of the gas for use in making carbonated 

 beverages and for other purposes have received attention at Sara- 

 toga Springs, where the industry has become of greater importance 

 even, as regards the value of the output, than the trade in. the 

 mineral waters themselves. Over 30 wells have been driven in 

 that vicinity for gas alone. The carbon dioxid is pumped to the 

 surface together with the water, separated from the latter at the 

 well and then conveyed to gas holders, similar to those used by 

 municipal gas plants, where it is stored preparatory to charging 

 into cylinders. The cylinders are made to withstand the heavy 

 pressure necessarv to liquefy the gas and are of two sizes, the 

 smaller holding about 25 pounds and the larger from 40 to 50 

 pounds. The principal producers are the New York Carbonic 

 Acid Gas Co., the Lincoln Spring Co. and the Natural Carbonic 

 Gas Co. The gas is said to be superior to that produce 1 by the 

 calcination of magnesite or other artificial methods. 



List of springs. The following list inclu:!es the names and 



