5^' 



NEW \()1<K STATK MUSEUM 



Production of salt in New York since 1884 



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BARRELS 



VALUE 



SAND AND GRAVEL 



BY HENRY LEIGHTON 



The sand industry is one of New York State's large mineral in- 

 dustries and deserves recognition in a statistical summary of mining 

 and quarry operations. It can best be discussed by dividing it into 

 its various branches. 



Molding sand. One of the most important uses of sand is in 

 the casting of the metals — brass, iron, steel etc. — the sand being 

 used in forming the mold around which, or into which, the molten 

 metal is poured and allowed to cool. 



Owing to the various metals used, the variations in size, shape 

 and complexity of the castings, and to the various methods in use 

 by foundrymen, it is impossible to define in a general way the 

 cliaracters of a molding sand. All kinds of sand are used, both 

 singly and in admixture with other sands, clays, glues, molasses 

 etc., each serving for a distinct variety of casting. 



