REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQOS 39 



IQ08 Bruner, Lawrence. TIic House Fly. [Neb.] State Ent. Cir. 10, 

 p. 1-4 



A summarized account. 



1908 Frost, W. & Vorhees, C. T. The House Fly Nuisance. 



Country Life in America, May 



1908 Fi)j;hting the House Fly. North Carolina State Board 



of Health Bulletin. Reprint from Country Life in America 



A general account. 



1908 Hamer, W. H. Nuisance from Flies. London County Council 

 Rep't, No. 1 138, p. i-io 



Observations on flies, with special reference to their development in horse manure, their 

 occurrence about stables and similar places, and their relation to diarrhoea. 



1908 Nuisance from Flies. London County Council Rep t, 



No. 1207, p. 1-6 



Further observations, with remarks on behavior of Homalomyia, Musca and Stomoxys, 

 and additional observations on flies and diarrhoea. 



1908 The Breeding of Flics. Summarized. Am. Med. 3:431 



The breeding of flies in horse manure, collection of dust and other refuse confirmed. 

 Children, dirty walls and ceilings and particles of food on the floor and in sinks are attractive 

 to flies. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that flies may carry the typhoid bacillus in 

 a living condition for over two weeks. They also disseminate the germs of zymotic diarrhoea 

 and Asiatic cholera. Tubercle bacilli have been found alive in the intestinal tract of the 

 house fly. 



1908 Hewitt, C. Gordon. The Biology of House Flies in Relation to 

 Public Health. Royal Inst. Pul)lic Health Jour. Oct. Separate p. 1-15 



1908 Howard, L. O. How Insects Affect Health in Rural Districts. 

 v. S. Dep't Agric. Farmers' Bu!. 155, p. 1-19 



The house fly is characterized as the principal insect agent in the spread of typhoid fever. 



1908 Jackson, Daniel D. Pollution of New York Harbor as a 

 Menace to Health by the Dissemination of Intestinal Diseases through 

 the Agency of the Common House Fly. Pub. by the Merchants' Ass'n, 

 p. 1-22 



A detailed examination of local conditions showing that by far the greater number of 

 cases of typhoid fever in 1907 occurred within a few blocks of the water front, the outbreaks 

 being most severe in the immediate vicinity of sewer outlets. The same was also found 

 true of deaths resulting from intestinal diseases. Charts are given showing an almost exact 

 coincidence between deaths from the latter and the prevalence of the house fly. The same 

 is shown to be true of typhoid fever when the dates are set back two months to correspond 

 to the time at which the disease was contracted. Several epidemics of dysentery of a 

 malignant type have been known to radiate from a single point and to entirely disappear 

 when proper disinfection of closets was enforced. On several occasions local epidemics of 

 typhoid fever were traced to transmission by flies. 



1908 Conveyance of Disease by Flies. Summarized. Bost. 



Med. & Surg. Jour. 159:451 



Reports that he finds that the relation between the number of flies captured and the 

 number of deaths reported are substantially the same as in 1907. A notable decrease in 

 mortality this summer corresponded with catching a much smaller number of flies. Dr 

 Jackson finds on iR swill barrel flies 18 , 800,000 bacteria or over 1,000,000 to each fly. 



190S N. Y. State Dep't Health, Mo. Bui. October, p. 259-83 



Summary of International Congress on Tuberculosis, page 284, Mortality Statistics of 

 Infants. 



