L A EUROPEAN ELM SAWFLY LEAF-MINER 

 Kaliosysphinga iilmi Sundeval 



The American elm often develops into the most beautiful, majestic 

 and graceful of shade-trees. It usually suffers less from insect foes than 

 most other shade-trees. The 

 English and Scotch elms and 

 their varieties also have been 

 largely planted for shade-trees 

 in many parts of this country, 

 and for a long time they were 

 equally as free from insect 

 depredations as the American 

 elms. In comparatively recent 

 years, however, several of the 

 insect enemies of the Euro- 

 pean elms in their native home 

 have become established in 

 America. 



The European elm leaf- 

 beetle {GalcruccUa lutcola) 

 has been ravaging elms, mostly 

 the European species, for 

 nearly 70 years, and is doubt- 

 less now the most serious 

 elm pest in New York and 

 neighboring States (Fig. 22). 

 Since 1884, European elms in 

 widely scattered localities in 

 the United States, and es- 

 pecially in New York, have 

 suffered from the European 

 elm bark-scale (Gossyparia 

 iihni). In 1896, my attention 

 was called to little case-bear- 

 ing caterpillars (shown in 



Fig. 22. 



-Elm leaf-bcillc Iiiivcc at zvork. Nat- 

 ural size. 



Fig. 23) working on European elms in Brooklyn parks. Tlie insect is 

 apparently another importation, the European elm case-bearer ( ColcopJiora 

 Uinosipennela), and it is spreading and increasing its injuries. 



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