Some Diseases of Beans. 293 



be so thoroughly applied that every part of the plant above ground z^'ill be 

 completely covered. 



In about ten days or two weeks the plants should have a second 

 spraying, using the same strength of mixture. This application should be 

 as thorough as the first. This is to cover and protect the new growth of 

 leaves and branches. 



Unless excessive rains wash the mixture ofif, it will not be necessary 

 to spray again until the pods are forming, shortly after blossoming time. 

 A third application of the same strength and thoroughness should now be 

 made. The nozzles should be so arranged that the pods as -cvell as steins 

 and leaves will be thoroughly coated. This is important (See Fig. 108). 



In most cases three sprayings will be sufficient. If the seed was badly 

 diseased and if the plants show an abundance of the anthracnose, more 

 sprayings will probably be necessary to insure a clean crop. Excessive 

 rains will also necessitate more frec[uent applications. The et1JK:t of heavy 

 rains in washing ofif the mixture may be overcome by adding to the Bor- 

 deaux mixture the following: two pounds resin, one pound sal soda, one 

 gallon of water. Boil together until of a clear brown color. Add one- 

 half this amount to each barrel of the Bordeaux. An extra spraying be- 

 tween the second and third, and another after the third when the pods are 

 nearly full grown, will no doubt be sufficient in the worst cases. That this 

 disease is easily controlled by the Bordeaux mixture is shown in Fig. 107. 

 Repeated experiments by the writer have shown that one or two thorough 

 sprayings even after a large percentage of the plants are badly diseased 

 will insure a comparatively clean and profitable crop. A single spraying 

 done under the direction of Professor Craig in a field of INIr. C. N. Kee- 

 ney near LeRoy, N. Y., reduced the anthracnose 20 per cent. 



The removal and destruction of diseased pods and stalks is also a 

 matter not to be overlooked. While the disease is most commonly car- 

 ried over in the seed, it has also been demonstrated that diseased pods and 

 stems thrown on the fields in which beans are to be planted will result 

 in a marked increase of the disease the next season. For this reason all 

 diseased pods and stalks should be burned, or, if they go into the manure 

 pile, the manure should not be put on fields in which beans are to be 

 planted. 



Cultivating or zvorking in the beans zclien zcet should be avoided as 

 much as possible. As already pointed out, the spores of the disease are 

 disseminated only wdien in drops of rain or dew. When dry the muci- 



