524 Reading-Course for Farmers. 



2. A main supply pipe from tank or from outside supply feeding the 

 kitchen sink, the hot water boiler through the kitchen stove, the laundry- 

 tub, the bath-tub and the water-closet tank. 



3. A hot water pipe leading out of the hot water boiler to the kitchen 

 sink, the laundry-tubs and the bath-tub. 



4. The necessary fixtures, such as faucets, sinks, tubs, kitchen boiler, 

 water-closet tank and fixtures. 



A fair estimate of the cost of all this except the tank in the attic, 

 including the plumber's bill for labor, is $150, although this can be re- 

 duced somewhat by using cheap fixtures and by helping in the labor. 



5. Disposal of waste 



In one of the bulletins of the Farmers Wives' Reading-Course, 

 questions were asked as to the advisability of water supplies in farm 

 residences. One of the respondents said that she did not want water 

 piped into the house again, because it made the kitchen so wet and untidy. 

 Apparently there had been no adequate provision for caring for the waste. 



The problem of properly disposing of the polluted water grows 

 more serious the more water is used in the house. When this amount 

 is brought in pailfuls from a well, the dirty water can be thrown out tlie 

 back door on the ground without being very objectionable. But when 

 the water runs in streams from kitchen, laundry and bath-room, some 

 better method must be devised. The simples^ outlet is into a running 

 stream, provided the water is not afterward used by some neighbor for 

 drinking or watering stock, and provided its volume of flow in the driest 

 months is at least forty times the flow of the sewage turned into it. It 

 is quite possible that a farm may have a large brook running through 

 or alongside its territory, while the water supply comes from springs. 

 Then the natural order would be from springs to house and from house 

 to brooks. 



Cesspools. — If the above arrangement is not feasible and the ground 

 is sandy or gravelly, then a cesspool may be made. This should be 

 about six feet inside diameter and eight to ten feet deep, walled up inside 

 with stones without cement. Such a cesspool will allow the liquids to 

 leach away, and the solids remaining will gradually be liquified so that a 

 cesspool of this sort will probably last indefinitely, or at any rate, for 

 many years. It is only permissible, however, when there is not the slight- 

 est danger of polluting well or other drinking water supplies. If the soil 

 is heavy clay or clay loam, then a cesspool is not feasible and some sort 

 of surface application must be resorted to. 



