Buildings and Yards. " 531 



side of the house from the well and enough lower than the well to pre- 

 vent contamination of the drinking water. 



An Air-Pressure System 

 G. W. Hosford, one of my friends, has a system of waterworks in 

 his house which depends on air-pressure to force the air through the 

 building. A galvanized steel tank of 200 gallons capacity is located in 

 the cellar of the house. This is air tight and has a discharge pipe from 

 its lowest point. A special pump is provided to pump the water from the 

 well into the tank. By simply opening an air cock provided for that pur- 

 pose the same pump may be used to force air into the tank. First, air is 

 pumped in until the gauge registers about 10 pounds pressure. This 

 amount of pressure is sufficient if the water does not have to be forced 

 higher than 22 feet. The water may be carried as high as necessary 

 merely by increasing the air-pressure. Then water is pumped into the 

 tank until the pressure gauge registers 25 pounds. It requires 10 to 15 

 minutes pumping each morning to provide enough water for the family 

 (six people). On wash days it is necessary, of course, to pump to a 

 higher pressure or to pump more than once. If the plumbing is good an:l 

 care is exercised to prevent escape of air, it is not necessary to pump air 

 into the tank very often. 



This system has proved very satisfactory. The water is kept in good 

 condition by the action of the air upon it ; being in the cellar it keeps 

 cool in summer and is not in danger of freezing during the winter. It is 

 much easier to support a tank in the cellar than in the top of the house 

 and there is not as much danger of trouble from its springing a leak. 

 The system is patented. The installation of the system in i\Ir. Crosby's 

 house cost about $200, including all plumbing. 



A hot water tank attached to the kitchen stove provides hot water 

 for laundry-tubs in the basement, sink in the kitchen, and the bath-room 

 on the second story. In the bath-room there is a wash bowl, closet and 

 bath-tub. 



Various Suggestions 



Following are practical suggestions by George Wallenbeck, Willow 

 Creek, Tompkins Co., who makes a business of putting in farm water 

 supplies : 



Laying and protecting pipes 



In laying pipes under ground a uniform grade should be secured, 

 if possible. When the pipe follows the contour of the surface of the 

 ground, air from the water is likely to collect at the higher points in the 

 pipe and prevent the flow. When this happens we say that the pipe is 

 "air bound." When it is absolutely necessary to change the grade in 



