114 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



YEKMIXOUS KKOXCHITIS OF CALVES. Certain years, and 

 especially following wet seasons, the lung woum of calves (Strougylus 

 micrurus) is common. The yoimg of this parasite live for a time in 

 wet, marshy places whence they are taken by cattle along with grass 

 or water. The young worms then wanders up the oesophagus to the 

 pharynx and then down the wind-pipe to the lungs, where they grow. 

 The eggs and embryos are coughed out and may fall within the reach 

 of other cattle. 



Calves are disturbed by this disease very much more than old 

 cattle are. When heavily infected, they cough, breath with difficulty, 

 become emaciated and they may die. After death, the white thread- 

 like worms may be found mixed with mucous and packed into the 

 bronchial tubes. 



The treatment consists in the injection of appropriate substances 

 into the trachea, but this is accompanied by some risk, and should 

 only be done by an experienced veterinarian. By feeding concen- 

 trated, highh' nutritious food and by using a tonic such as iron, one 

 can often carry the calves past the period of greatest development of 

 the parasites, after which they rapidly recover. 



This disease is not infrequently mistaken for tuberculosis; its 

 sj^mptoms strongly resemble those of advanced tuberculosis, but the 

 course of the disease and the lesions are quite different and suffice to 

 make it easy to distinguish between them when attention is drawn to 

 the matter. 



GLANDERS. Twenty-one cases of glanders have been found in 

 the following counties: Allegheny, Beaver, Bradford, Bucks, Butler, 

 Carbon, Clearfield, Clinton, Cumberland, Franklin, Lancaster, Mc- 

 Kean, Philadelphia, Sullivan and Susquehanna. Many more cases 

 were reported that upon investigation proved to be some other dis- 

 ease. In most cases the horses were fresh importations from other 

 States, or they had been stabled closely with glandered horses re- 

 cently brought from without the State. 



It is gratifying to note that there was not a single case of glanders 

 in Luzerne or Lackawanna counties, showing that the rather exten- 

 sive outbreak there last year was completely up-rooted. 



In two instances there were evident attempts to conceal outbreaks 

 of glanders and to surreptitously remove diseased horses. It is for- 

 tunate that these attempts did not succeed. 



HOG CHOLERA. The losses from hog cholera during the year 

 are estimated at 100,000, as against |!100,000 last year. Should more 

 hogs be brought into the State from infected regions, larger losses 

 will result. 



Hog raising and feeding are not conducted on anything like as 

 large a scale as natural conditions justify and the inclination of far- 

 mers favor. This is due to the great losses from hog cholera in the 



