No. «. UEPAKTMKNT OK AGHICULTUKIO 663 



CoiibciiUfnlly^ Ihere has arisen, within the last f(;\v (h.'cades, an 

 increasing demand for concentrated feed stuffs — that is, such as 

 are of reJativelj'' little bulk and are, in very large measure, digeeti- 

 ble-^more especially, for such as are rich in protein. To supply 

 this demand, a great trade in such materials has developed; the cen- 

 tralization of the milling operations of the Northwest has resulted 

 in the formation of large stocks of wheat by-products for which the 

 grain farms of the West offer no market, but which move readily 

 eastward to the points of greater demand. The introduction of new 

 methods of manufacture has made possible the utilization for distant 

 markets of the by-products from the manufacture of beer and spiritu- 

 ous liquors, of starch, glucose and cereal breakfast foods, so that 

 to-da}' the farmer has offered for hi» use not only large quantities of 

 concentrated feed-stuffs, but materials of great variety of source, 

 composition and dietetic value. 



It is not the purpose of this bulletin to discuss the nutritive and 

 dietetic values of the several materials, but rather to briefly consider 

 their nature and the composition which they exhibit in the Penn- 

 sylvania markets; especially to determine the variations appearing 

 in the amounts of important constituents and to compare them with 

 those observed in New York and New England. For New York, 

 New Jersey, Maine, Massachusetts, Ehode Island and Connecticut 

 have required that dealers in such materials shall stamp upon the 

 packages containing them a guarantee of composition, analogous 

 to that which most States require from dealers in fertilizers, and have 

 provided for a control analysis of the feeding stuffs. 



The samples whose analyses are recorded below were taken by 

 agents appointed by the State Department of Agriculture, and the 

 analytical work has been performed under the direction of the 

 writer, by Messrs. M. S. McDowell and M. H. Pingree, Assistant 

 Chemists of the Experiment Station, in accordance with arrange- 

 ments made between the Secretary of Agriculture and the Advisory 

 Committee for the Experiment Station. For the purposes of this 

 examination, determinations of the protein and fat were all that 

 were deemed necessary in most cases. These determinations were 

 made by the official methods, except that the feeding stuffs Avere 

 not dried in a current of hydrogen. 



The fact, that the analytical examination has been confined in 

 most instances to these two indicative constituents, must not be 

 made a ground for disregarding in the selection of market feeding- 

 stuffs, the nutritive value of the fiber and other carbohydrates, nor 

 further must it be assumed that concentrated feeds, though different 

 in the quantities of carbohydrates they contain, are essentially alike 

 as regards the nutritive quality of these coustituents. In general. 

 ^.tnrch and sugar are more highly digestible thrtn fiber, gums and 



