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  will 
  grow 
  fairly 
  well 
  even 
  in 
  acid 
  glacial 
  tills. 
  Their 
  preference, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  for 
  neutral 
  or 
  alkaline 
  soils 
  would 
  suggest 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  

   of 
  lime 
  in 
  acid 
  soils, 
  when 
  hickories 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  grown 
  in 
  orchard 
  form. 
  

  

  All 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  hickory 
  group 
  are 
  intolerant 
  of 
  shade 
  and. 
  

   of 
  competition 
  with 
  other 
  trees. 
  The 
  more 
  sunlight 
  they 
  can 
  have 
  the 
  

   better. 
  JNlost 
  of 
  us 
  are 
  familiar 
  with 
  the 
  hickory 
  tree 
  standing 
  alone 
  in 
  

   the 
  cultivated 
  field, 
  which 
  bears 
  a 
  heavy 
  annual 
  crop, 
  when 
  the 
  neigh- 
  

   bors 
  at 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  forest 
  bear 
  sparingly. 
  Hickories 
  in 
  forest 
  growth 
  

   put 
  their 
  energies 
  into 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  wood 
  chiefly, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  strug- 
  

   gle 
  for 
  food 
  and 
  light 
  devote 
  very 
  little 
  energy 
  to 
  fruiting. 
  

  

  The 
  best 
  method 
  for 
  cultivation 
  of 
  hickories 
  has 
  been 
  worked 
  out 
  

   only 
  with 
  the 
  pecan 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  time. 
  With 
  this 
  species, 
  it 
  has 
  

   been 
  determined 
  that 
  clean 
  cultivation 
  with 
  plenty 
  of 
  fertilization 
  gives 
  

   best 
  results, 
  as 
  with 
  apples. 
  It 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  Stringfellow's 
  sod 
  cul- 
  

   ture 
  method 
  will 
  come 
  next 
  in 
  order, 
  and 
  will 
  perhaps 
  be 
  most 
  generally 
  

   used 
  hy 
  nut 
  orchardists, 
  because 
  it 
  is 
  less 
  expensive 
  and 
  requires 
  less 
  

   labor. 
  The 
  sod 
  culture 
  method 
  includes 
  the 
  idea 
  of 
  cutting 
  all 
  grass 
  and 
  

   weeds 
  beneath 
  the 
  trees, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  take 
  away 
  competition, 
  allowing 
  

   these 
  vegetable 
  substances 
  to 
  decompose 
  beneath 
  the 
  trees 
  and 
  furnish 
  

   food. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  objection 
  to 
  adding 
  artificial 
  fertilizer, 
  or 
  a 
  still 
  

   greater 
  amount 
  of 
  vegetable 
  matter. 
  

  

  The 
  enemies 
  of 
  the 
  hickories 
  are 
  not 
  many 
  in 
  the 
  forest, 
  where 
  the 
  

   balance 
  of 
  nature 
  is 
  maintained, 
  but 
  when 
  man 
  disturbs 
  the 
  balance 
  of 
  

   nature 
  by 
  planting 
  hickories 
  in 
  large 
  numbers 
  in 
  orchard 
  form 
  certain 
  

   enemies 
  increase, 
  and 
  must 
  be 
  met 
  by 
  our 
  resources. 
  Fungous 
  and 
  bac- 
  

   terial 
  enemies 
  are 
  beginning 
  to 
  menace 
  some 
  varieties 
  of 
  the 
  pecan 
  in 
  

   the 
  South, 
  and 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  South 
  certain 
  insect 
  enemies 
  

   are 
  becoming 
  important 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  all 
  valuable 
  hickories. 
  

  

  The 
  bark 
  boring 
  beetle 
  (Scolytus) 
  has 
  been 
  reported 
  as 
  destructive 
  

   to 
  hickories 
  in 
  some 
  sections, 
  the 
  trees 
  dying 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  depredations 
  

   of 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  this 
  beetle. 
  

  

  I 
  find 
  a 
  large 
  borer 
  at 
  work 
  on 
  sonie 
  of 
  my 
  hickories, 
  but 
  have 
  not 
  

   as 
  yet 
  determined 
  its 
  species. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  painted 
  hickory 
  borer 
  

   (Cylene), 
  or 
  the 
  locust 
  borer. 
  It 
  makes 
  a 
  hole 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  a 
  small 
  lead 
  

   pencil, 
  directly 
  into 
  the 
  trunk 
  or 
  limbs, 
  and 
  excavates 
  long 
  tunnels 
  into 
  

   the 
  heart 
  wood. 
  The 
  painted 
  hickory 
  borer 
  is 
  supposed 
  to 
  occur 
  chiefly 
  

   on 
  dead 
  and 
  dying 
  hickories, 
  but 
  the 
  borer 
  of 
  which 
  I 
  speak 
  is 
  found 
  

   in 
  the 
  vigorous 
  young 
  hickories 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  my 
  locusts, 
  which 
  are 
  

   riddled 
  with 
  locust 
  borers. 
  

  

  In 
  some 
  localities 
  involucre 
  borers 
  make 
  tunnels 
  between 
  the 
  nut 
  

   and 
  the 
  involucre, 
  interfering 
  with 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  kernel. 
  

  

  The 
  hickory 
  twig 
  girdler 
  (Oncideres) 
  is 
  abundant 
  in 
  some 
  localities, 
  

   but 
  not 
  as 
  yet 
  very 
  destructive. 
  

  

  