﻿19 
  

  

  Sometimes 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  apparent 
  reason 
  for 
  the 
  check 
  to 
  distri- 
  

   bution 
  of 
  a 
  species. 
  The 
  men 
  whom 
  I 
  emploj'ed 
  to 
  go 
  into 
  the 
  moun- 
  

   tains 
  of 
  Alvarez 
  for 
  the 
  I\Iexican 
  hickory 
  tell 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  trees 
  are 
  so 
  

   loaded 
  down 
  with 
  mistletoe 
  that 
  they 
  rarely 
  bear 
  a 
  crop, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  

   few 
  nuts 
  with 
  well 
  developed 
  kernels 
  to 
  be 
  found. 
  

  

  Distribution 
  of 
  a 
  powerful 
  species 
  of 
  hickory, 
  like 
  the 
  pecan, 
  seems 
  

   to 
  be 
  limited 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  by 
  incomplete 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  pistillate 
  

   flowers. 
  These 
  are 
  borne 
  on 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  herbaceous 
  shoots 
  of 
  the 
  

   year, 
  and 
  the 
  pecan 
  has 
  such 
  a 
  long 
  growing 
  season 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  

   the 
  pistillate 
  buds, 
  which 
  are 
  last 
  developed, 
  are 
  exposed 
  to 
  winter 
  kill- 
  

   ing. 
  Southern 
  limitation 
  of 
  hickories 
  which 
  have 
  a 
  very 
  short 
  growing 
  

   period, 
  like 
  the 
  shagbark, 
  may 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  after 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  

   summer 
  rest, 
  new 
  growth 
  begins 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  rains, 
  and 
  this 
  new 
  

   growth 
  may 
  not 
  lignify 
  for 
  winter 
  rest. 
  

  

  By 
  artificial 
  selection 
  we 
  can 
  extend 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  all 
  hickories 
  far 
  

   beyond 
  their 
  indigenous 
  range, 
  which 
  is 
  limited 
  by 
  natural 
  checks. 
  Ex- 
  

   tension 
  of 
  range, 
  adaptation 
  to 
  various 
  soils, 
  and 
  changes 
  in 
  the 
  charac- 
  

   ter 
  of 
  the 
  nut 
  are 
  likel}^ 
  to 
  occur 
  from 
  grafting 
  hickories 
  upon 
  different 
  

   stocks 
  of 
  the 
  family. 
  Thus 
  we 
  can 
  graft 
  a 
  shagbark, 
  which 
  does 
  not 
  

   thrive 
  in 
  poor 
  sandy 
  soil, 
  upon 
  the 
  mocker-nut, 
  which 
  does 
  grow 
  in 
  such 
  

   soils. 
  Some 
  varieties 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  may 
  grow 
  freely 
  far 
  out 
  of 
  their 
  

   natural 
  range 
  if 
  they 
  are 
  simply 
  transplanted. 
  For 
  instance, 
  the 
  Stuart 
  

   pecan, 
  which 
  comes 
  from 
  the 
  very 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Mexico, 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  hardiest 
  pecans 
  at 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  I 
  don't 
  know 
  about 
  its 
  

   northern 
  fruiting 
  as 
  yet. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  Satsuma 
  orange 
  grafted 
  upon 
  trifoliate 
  orange 
  stock 
  gives 
  

   a 
  heavy, 
  well 
  flavored 
  fruit, 
  while 
  the 
  same 
  variety 
  grafted 
  upon 
  sweet 
  

   orange 
  stock 
  gives 
  a 
  spongy 
  fruit 
  of 
  little 
  value, 
  we 
  may 
  assume 
  that 
  

   similar 
  changes 
  in 
  character 
  of 
  fruit 
  will 
  follow 
  nut 
  grafting. 
  Perhaps 
  

   the 
  astringent 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  pecan 
  nut 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  disappear 
  when 
  

   the 
  pecan 
  has 
  been 
  grafted 
  upon 
  certain 
  other 
  hickories. 
  Sometimes 
  

   undesirable 
  results 
  are 
  obtained 
  from 
  such 
  grafting; 
  for 
  instance, 
  the 
  

   pecan 
  grafted 
  upon 
  water 
  hickory 
  stock 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  grow 
  freely 
  

   for 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  years, 
  and 
  then 
  to 
  die 
  back 
  unaccountably. 
  

  

  Stocks 
  of 
  rapidly 
  growing 
  hickories, 
  like 
  the 
  pecan 
  and 
  the 
  bitter- 
  

   nut, 
  may 
  serve 
  to 
  shorten 
  the 
  bearing 
  time 
  of 
  slowly 
  growing 
  species, 
  

   like 
  the 
  shagbark, 
  when 
  scions 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  are 
  grafted 
  upon 
  such 
  stocks. 
  

   At 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  I 
  have 
  shagbark 
  grafted 
  upon 
  stocks 
  of 
  the 
  pecan, 
  

   shagbark, 
  bitternut. 
  mocker-nut, 
  and 
  pignut, 
  but 
  these 
  are 
  all 
  young, 
  

   and 
  I 
  cannot 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  discern 
  much 
  difference 
  in 
  effect 
  of 
  

   stock 
  upon 
  scion. 
  

  

  In 
  cross 
  pollenization 
  of 
  hickories, 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  as 
  yet 
  discovered 
  the 
  

   best 
  way 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  aphides 
  and 
  of 
  other 
  insects 
  

  

  