﻿Pa., 
  of 
  from 
  fifty 
  to 
  seventy-five 
  trees, 
  approximately 
  twenty 
  years 
  of 
  

   age, 
  is 
  bearing 
  fully 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  could 
  be 
  expected 
  under 
  its 
  present 
  en- 
  

   vironment. 
  The 
  trees 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  entirely 
  unatfected 
  by 
  the 
  severity 
  

   of 
  climatic 
  conditions, 
  but 
  being 
  seedlings 
  altogether, 
  and 
  uncultivated, 
  

   the 
  crop 
  production 
  is 
  irregular. 
  Reports 
  from 
  northwestern 
  New^ 
  York 
  

   and 
  Pennsylvania 
  indicate 
  that 
  this 
  species 
  may 
  be 
  safely 
  grown 
  iu 
  

   those 
  sections 
  when 
  within 
  the 
  zones 
  which 
  are 
  tempered 
  by 
  the 
  influ- 
  

   ence 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes. 
  

  

  Ordinarily 
  the 
  trees 
  scattered 
  over 
  the 
  Eastern 
  States 
  do 
  not 
  seem 
  

   able 
  to 
  permanently 
  withstand 
  the 
  severe 
  winters, 
  as 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  they 
  

   arc 
  n< 
  t 
  infre(iuently 
  severely 
  frozen 
  back. 
  In 
  eastern 
  Pennsylvania, 
  

   Maryland, 
  Delaware, 
  New 
  Jersej^ 
  and 
  New 
  York 
  City, 
  the 
  writer 
  re- 
  

   cently 
  inspected 
  numbers 
  of 
  fine 
  trees 
  apparently 
  from 
  50 
  to 
  75 
  years 
  

   of 
  age 
  which 
  showed 
  no 
  indications 
  of 
  winter 
  injury. 
  The 
  owners 
  

   seemed 
  to 
  be 
  entirely 
  ignorant 
  of 
  the 
  reputation 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  with 
  

   respect 
  to 
  its 
  inability 
  to 
  withstand 
  severe 
  weather. 
  

  

  The 
  nuts 
  from 
  many 
  of 
  these 
  trees 
  were 
  of 
  such 
  large 
  size 
  and 
  good 
  

   quality 
  tliat 
  a 
  number 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  extensively 
  propagated 
  in 
  the 
  near 
  

   future. 
  

  

  THE 
  JAPAN 
  WALNUTS 
  {Jufjlans 
  sieholcliatia 
  ; 
  Juglaiis 
  cordifdrniis; 
  

  

  Juglans 
  mandshurica). 
  

  

  These 
  nuts 
  are 
  of 
  comparatively 
  recent 
  introduction 
  into 
  the 
  I'nited 
  

   States, 
  having 
  been 
  brought 
  from 
  Asia 
  since 
  1860. 
  All 
  are 
  generally 
  

   hardy 
  ; 
  the 
  first 
  two 
  are 
  rapid 
  growers, 
  very 
  productive 
  and 
  serve 
  to 
  

   an 
  excellent 
  purpose 
  as 
  ornamentals; 
  the 
  last 
  is 
  well 
  known. 
  The 
  nuts 
  

   of 
  the 
  former 
  two 
  are 
  smaller 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  our 
  native 
  black 
  walnut, 
  of 
  

   about 
  equally 
  thick 
  shell, 
  usually 
  of 
  no 
  better 
  quality, 
  and 
  as 
  yet 
  are 
  

   not 
  in 
  great 
  demand 
  on 
  our 
  markets. 
  A 
  few 
  trees, 
  however, 
  should 
  cer- 
  

   tainly 
  be 
  given 
  a 
  place 
  about 
  the 
  home 
  grounds. 
  

  

  THE 
  EUROPEAN 
  HAZELS 
  (Corylus 
  avsllana 
  ; 
  Corylus 
  tuhulosa). 
  

  

  Numerous 
  efforts 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  introduce 
  these 
  species 
  into 
  

   the 
  Eastern 
  states, 
  but 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  severity 
  of 
  a 
  blight 
  everywhere 
  

   prevalent 
  with 
  the 
  American 
  species 
  in 
  this 
  section, 
  such 
  efforts 
  have 
  

   usually 
  met 
  with 
  failure. 
  There 
  have 
  been 
  very 
  few 
  instances 
  in 
  which 
  

   either 
  species 
  has 
  been 
  cidtivated 
  in 
  the 
  Eastern 
  states 
  for 
  any 
  great 
  

   period 
  of 
  time 
  without 
  being 
  destroyed 
  by 
  blight. 
  

  

  The 
  future 
  of 
  hazel 
  nut 
  production 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  evidently 
  de- 
  

   pends 
  upon 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  our 
  native 
  species 
  or 
  by 
  hybridizing 
  

   with 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  foreign 
  species. 
  

  

  