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  of 
  the 
  budded 
  trees 
  died. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  root-grafted 
  trees 
  that 
  survived 
  

   are 
  making 
  poor 
  growth; 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  budded 
  trees 
  are 
  strong 
  and 
  

   vigorous. 
  The 
  only 
  trees 
  of 
  the 
  Virginia 
  varieties 
  ever 
  reported 
  winter- 
  

   killed 
  were 
  root-grafts. 
  

  

  No 
  root-grafts 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  types 
  on 
  northern 
  stocks 
  have 
  been 
  

   made 
  in 
  Virginia, 
  but 
  root-grafts 
  of 
  Indiana 
  varieties 
  on 
  southern 
  

   stocks 
  transplanted 
  there 
  winter-kill 
  badlj'. 
  Several 
  Indiana 
  trees 
  root- 
  

   grafted 
  on 
  southern 
  stocks 
  and 
  in 
  their 
  second 
  year's 
  growth 
  in 
  the 
  

   nursery 
  winter-killed 
  in 
  Florida 
  last 
  season. 
  Not 
  a 
  single 
  budded 
  In- 
  

   diana 
  tree 
  in 
  Virginia 
  suffered 
  any 
  winter 
  injury 
  whatever, 
  although 
  

   the 
  buds 
  were 
  grown 
  on 
  southern 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  on 
  northern 
  stocks. 
  All 
  the 
  

   root-grafted 
  Indiana 
  trees 
  transplanted 
  at 
  Petersburg 
  during 
  the 
  past 
  

   two 
  years 
  have 
  died 
  from 
  winter 
  injury. 
  

  

  Northern 
  types 
  root-grafted 
  on 
  northern 
  stocks 
  not 
  having 
  been 
  

   tested, 
  no 
  definite 
  information 
  can 
  be 
  given, 
  of 
  course 
  ; 
  but 
  with 
  all 
  

   southern 
  varieties 
  winter-killing 
  in 
  the 
  North, 
  when 
  root-grafted 
  on 
  

   either 
  northern 
  or 
  southern 
  stocks, 
  and 
  the 
  Virginia 
  variety 
  winter-kill- 
  

   ing 
  when 
  root-grafted 
  on 
  southern 
  or 
  northern 
  stocks, 
  and 
  the 
  Indiana 
  

   varieties 
  winter-killing 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  South 
  when 
  root- 
  

   grafted 
  on 
  southern 
  stocks, 
  it 
  seems 
  reasonable 
  to 
  presume 
  that 
  the 
  

   northern 
  varieties 
  root-grafted 
  on 
  northern 
  stocks 
  will 
  also 
  winter-kill. 
  

   The 
  stocks 
  of 
  the 
  root-grafted 
  trees 
  are 
  seldom 
  injured. 
  They 
  send 
  up 
  

   sprouts 
  except 
  in 
  cases 
  where 
  the 
  graft 
  union 
  is 
  so 
  far 
  beneath 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   face 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  that 
  after 
  the 
  grafted 
  part 
  is 
  killed 
  the 
  stock 
  is 
  too 
  deep 
  

   to 
  grow 
  out. 
  

  

  Not 
  a 
  single 
  tree 
  out 
  of 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  40,000 
  seedlings 
  in 
  Virginia 
  

   grown 
  from 
  northern 
  nuts 
  planted 
  during 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  six 
  years 
  has 
  

   ever 
  been 
  found 
  affected 
  by 
  winter 
  injury 
  ; 
  practically 
  all 
  the 
  trees 
  out 
  

   of 
  50,000 
  or 
  more 
  grown 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  locality 
  from 
  southern 
  nuts, 
  

   planted 
  during 
  the 
  same 
  years 
  had 
  their 
  tops 
  affected 
  by 
  winter 
  injury 
  

   the 
  first, 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  the 
  second 
  season 
  of 
  their 
  growth 
  ; 
  but 
  no 
  

   injury 
  after 
  the 
  second 
  season 
  has 
  been 
  noted. 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  view 
  of 
  making 
  southern 
  varieties 
  better 
  adapted 
  to 
  

   planting 
  in 
  northern 
  area, 
  experiments 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  propagating 
  

   them 
  on 
  stocks 
  from 
  northern 
  nuts. 
  This 
  stock 
  has 
  thus 
  far 
  proved 
  

   unsatisfactory 
  for 
  southern 
  varieties 
  either 
  budded 
  or 
  root 
  grafted. 
  

   The 
  trees 
  from 
  northern 
  nuts 
  go 
  dormant 
  earlier 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  and 
  remain 
  

   dormant 
  later 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  than 
  trees 
  from 
  southern 
  nuts. 
  Northern 
  

   trees 
  in 
  the 
  nursery 
  rows 
  in 
  early 
  spring, 
  in 
  a 
  perfectly 
  dormant 
  con- 
  

   dition, 
  are 
  in 
  striking 
  contrast 
  with 
  the 
  southern 
  trees 
  and 
  their 
  fresh, 
  

   green 
  foliage. 
  Though 
  the 
  growing 
  period 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  is 
  nearly 
  a 
  

   fourth 
  shorter 
  for 
  the 
  northern 
  than 
  for 
  the 
  southern 
  varieties, 
  the 
  

   native 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  make 
  equal 
  growth 
  with 
  the 
  southern 
  trees 
  

  

  