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  there 
  during 
  the 
  same 
  season. 
  Northern 
  varieties 
  budded 
  on 
  northern 
  

   stocks 
  grown 
  at 
  Petersburg 
  the 
  past 
  summer 
  made 
  nearly 
  as 
  much 
  

   growth 
  during 
  one 
  season 
  as 
  root-grafted 
  trees 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  varieties 
  on 
  

   southern 
  stocks- 
  grown 
  in 
  Florida 
  two 
  seasons. 
  The 
  trees 
  at 
  Petersburg 
  

   were 
  from 
  dormant 
  buds 
  set 
  the 
  previous 
  fall. 
  They 
  were 
  just 
  starting 
  

   into 
  growth 
  in 
  May 
  when 
  the 
  trees 
  in 
  Florida 
  had 
  made 
  a 
  growth 
  of 
  six 
  

   to 
  twelve 
  inches. 
  

  

  The 
  northern 
  seedlings 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  make 
  better 
  growth 
  in 
  a 
  

   season 
  than 
  the 
  northern 
  seedlings 
  in 
  the 
  South, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  has 
  been 
  

   observed. 
  When 
  the 
  growing 
  period 
  begins 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  climate, 
  

   the 
  native 
  trees 
  respond 
  at 
  once 
  to 
  the 
  quick 
  growing 
  season 
  and 
  out- 
  

   grow 
  the 
  trees 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  accustomed 
  to 
  a 
  slower 
  growing 
  climate. 
  

   When 
  their 
  growing 
  period 
  is 
  over, 
  they 
  begin 
  promptly 
  their 
  prepara- 
  

   tion 
  for 
  the 
  winter. 
  The 
  long, 
  slow 
  growing 
  climate 
  of 
  the 
  South 
  does 
  

   not 
  seem 
  to 
  give 
  the 
  quick 
  growing 
  tree 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  an 
  opportimity 
  for 
  

   its 
  greatest 
  growth 
  at 
  the 
  important 
  period. 
  There 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  too 
  

   much 
  difference 
  between 
  the 
  growing 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  and 
  the 
  

   northern 
  pecans 
  for 
  either 
  to 
  be 
  suitable 
  stock 
  upon 
  which 
  to 
  grow 
  the 
  

   other. 
  

  

  Two 
  choice 
  trees 
  of 
  Moneymaker 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  Stuart, 
  all 
  well 
  grown 
  

   and 
  giving 
  every 
  promise 
  of 
  success, 
  were 
  selected 
  out 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  these 
  varieties 
  budded 
  on 
  northern 
  stocks, 
  and 
  were 
  transplanted 
  

   in 
  orchard 
  two 
  years 
  ago 
  for 
  experiment. 
  The 
  Moneymaker 
  trees 
  have 
  

   made 
  little 
  growth 
  and 
  the 
  Stuart 
  tree 
  practically 
  none. 
  All 
  have 
  an 
  

   unhealthy 
  appearance 
  and 
  are 
  left 
  standing 
  only 
  for 
  further 
  experi- 
  

   ments. 
  

  

  The 
  section 
  of 
  Virginia 
  in 
  which 
  these 
  experiments 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  

   aft'ords 
  very 
  severe 
  climatic 
  tests. 
  The 
  temperature 
  in 
  winter 
  some- 
  

   times 
  goes 
  below 
  zero, 
  the 
  temperature 
  in 
  spring 
  is 
  variable, 
  changing 
  

   suddenly 
  from 
  warm 
  to 
  freezing. 
  Pecan 
  trees 
  seem 
  able 
  to 
  endure 
  

   almost 
  any 
  degree 
  of 
  cold 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  in 
  a 
  thoroughly 
  dormant 
  con- 
  

   dition. 
  The 
  winter-killing 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  often 
  suffer 
  in 
  the 
  South, 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  North, 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  eft'ect 
  of 
  sudden 
  freezing 
  tempera- 
  

   tures 
  following 
  warm 
  periods 
  in 
  winter 
  or 
  spring. 
  

  

  Only 
  well 
  grown, 
  vigorous 
  pecan 
  trees 
  should 
  be 
  planted 
  in 
  the 
  

   North. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  waste 
  of 
  time 
  and 
  money 
  to 
  plant 
  indifferent 
  pecan 
  

   trees 
  in 
  any 
  locality, 
  and 
  especially 
  in 
  a 
  locality 
  where 
  they 
  have 
  to 
  

   contend 
  with 
  severe 
  climatic 
  conditions. 
  The 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  is 
  less 
  

   important 
  than 
  its 
  root 
  system 
  and 
  vigor. 
  The 
  purchasers 
  of 
  trees 
  

   grown 
  on 
  thin, 
  sandy 
  soil, 
  with 
  the 
  root 
  systems 
  consisting 
  almost 
  en- 
  

   tirely 
  of 
  straight 
  tap 
  roots, 
  destitute 
  of 
  laterals, 
  need 
  not 
  expect 
  suc- 
  

   cess. 
  Most 
  of 
  these 
  trees 
  will 
  die 
  early, 
  and 
  many 
  of 
  those 
  that 
  live 
  

  

  