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  were 
  to 
  take 
  an 
  axe 
  and 
  girdle 
  it. 
  A 
  few 
  can 
  girdle 
  it 
  very 
  quickly. 
  

  

  An 
  infested 
  tree 
  in 
  the 
  summer 
  shows 
  some 
  characteristic 
  effects. 
  

   The 
  leaves 
  begin 
  to 
  dry 
  and 
  wither, 
  and 
  finally 
  drop. 
  The 
  adult 
  beetles, 
  

   when 
  they 
  come 
  out 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  July, 
  attack 
  the 
  petioles, 
  leaves, 
  and 
  

   terminal 
  buds 
  for 
  food, 
  then 
  go 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  larger 
  branches 
  and 
  trunks, 
  

   and 
  burrow 
  to 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs. 
  The 
  youliger 
  top 
  branches 
  begin 
  to 
  die. 
  

   If 
  you 
  look, 
  you 
  will 
  very 
  often 
  find 
  a 
  little 
  white 
  sawdust 
  in 
  cracks 
  in 
  

   the 
  bark. 
  That 
  is 
  an 
  indication 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  present. 
  If 
  you 
  take 
  off 
  

   the 
  bark, 
  you 
  will 
  find 
  such 
  an 
  appearance 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  shown 
  you. 
  Later, 
  

   you 
  will 
  find 
  these 
  holes 
  all 
  over, 
  showing 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  the 
  beetle. 
  

  

  I 
  will 
  give 
  the 
  life 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  very 
  briefly. 
  The 
  insects 
  

   live 
  over 
  the 
  winter 
  under 
  the 
  bark, 
  as 
  grubs, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  they 
  

   change 
  to 
  the 
  pupa 
  form, 
  and 
  come 
  out 
  along 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  July. 
  Some 
  

   may 
  be 
  as 
  late 
  as 
  August. 
  Those 
  beetles 
  go 
  to 
  the 
  branches 
  and 
  leaves, 
  

   and 
  soon 
  begin 
  laying 
  their 
  eggs. 
  There 
  is 
  only 
  one 
  brood 
  a 
  season, 
  in 
  

   this 
  locality 
  at 
  least. 
  In 
  a 
  longer 
  season, 
  farther 
  south, 
  there 
  might 
  be 
  

   more 
  than 
  one, 
  although 
  my 
  experience 
  in 
  Mississippi 
  was 
  that 
  there 
  

   was 
  only 
  one 
  brood. 
  

  

  A 
  word 
  regarding 
  methods 
  of 
  control. 
  You 
  can 
  readily 
  see 
  that 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  way 
  of 
  getting 
  at 
  the 
  beetle 
  with 
  insecticides 
  after 
  they 
  have 
  

   gotten 
  under 
  the 
  bark. 
  Doctor 
  Felt 
  mentions 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  spraying 
  the 
  

   trees 
  in 
  summer 
  to 
  kill 
  adults 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  petioles 
  and 
  

   probably 
  the 
  terminal 
  buds 
  and 
  younger 
  twigs. 
  It 
  is 
  rather 
  doubtful 
  

   whether 
  it 
  would 
  pay 
  to 
  spra}^ 
  hickory 
  trees 
  at 
  that 
  time, 
  although 
  the 
  

   expense 
  of 
  spraying 
  large 
  trees 
  is 
  not 
  so 
  great 
  as 
  you 
  might 
  think. 
  We 
  

   have 
  had 
  experiences 
  here, 
  because 
  it 
  fell 
  to 
  my 
  lot 
  to 
  spray 
  all 
  the 
  elm 
  

   trees 
  on 
  the 
  Campus 
  last 
  year. 
  I 
  kept 
  very 
  careful 
  account 
  of 
  this. 
  

   We 
  sprayed 
  between 
  five 
  and 
  six 
  hundred 
  trees. 
  About 
  one 
  hundred 
  

   are 
  scattered 
  over 
  the 
  hillsides 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  buildings, 
  some 
  a 
  mile 
  from 
  

   the 
  water 
  supply. 
  We 
  did 
  the 
  work 
  for 
  about 
  eighty- 
  eight 
  cents 
  apiece, 
  

   each 
  tree 
  having 
  a 
  thorough 
  spray. 
  The 
  largest 
  trees 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  street 
  we 
  gave 
  two 
  sprayings 
  for 
  a 
  little 
  less 
  than 
  forty 
  cents 
  apiece. 
  

  

  The 
  real 
  method 
  of 
  getting 
  at 
  this 
  hickory 
  bark 
  borer 
  is 
  for 
  every- 
  

   body 
  to 
  cooperate 
  and 
  cut 
  those 
  trees 
  out, 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  the 
  affected 
  parts 
  

   of 
  the 
  tree, 
  before 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  May. 
  I 
  know 
  of 
  no 
  other 
  effective 
  method 
  

   of 
  getting 
  them. 
  Cut 
  them 
  out 
  and 
  burn 
  them. 
  Some 
  say, 
  peel 
  off 
  the 
  

   bark 
  and 
  destroy 
  that 
  ; 
  Init 
  if 
  you 
  do 
  that, 
  you 
  have 
  got 
  to 
  cut 
  off 
  the 
  

   smallest 
  branches 
  and 
  burn 
  those, 
  and 
  I 
  am 
  afraid 
  you 
  would 
  not 
  get 
  

   all 
  of 
  the 
  grubs. 
  But 
  it 
  is 
  better, 
  if 
  you 
  can, 
  to 
  actually 
  dispose 
  of 
  the 
  

   whole 
  tree 
  in 
  some 
  way. 
  

  

  There 
  were 
  three 
  trees 
  on 
  the 
  lawn 
  infested 
  and 
  dying. 
  I 
  cut 
  those 
  

   out 
  in 
  February, 
  and 
  that 
  evidently 
  stopped 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  the 
  beetle. 
  

   That 
  was 
  carried 
  on 
  over 
  the 
  whole 
  Campus, 
  and 
  it 
  must 
  have 
  stopped 
  

  

  