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  the 
  dealers 
  in 
  California's 
  best 
  grade. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  safe 
  to 
  endorse 
  the 
  

   view 
  that 
  any 
  waste 
  or 
  abandoned 
  land 
  may 
  be 
  converted 
  into 
  successful 
  

   walnut 
  orchards, 
  though 
  such 
  lands 
  may 
  in 
  due 
  time 
  produce 
  trees 
  that 
  

   will 
  bear 
  nuts. 
  A 
  first-class 
  walnut 
  orchard 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  produced 
  upon 
  

   first-class 
  land, 
  deep, 
  fertile 
  soil, 
  a 
  low 
  water 
  table, 
  an 
  open 
  subsoil, 
  with 
  

   choice 
  varieties, 
  grafted 
  upon 
  the 
  most 
  suitable 
  stock 
  and 
  then 
  given 
  

   first-class 
  tree-care. 
  

  

  Professor 
  Lake 
  : 
  I 
  think 
  a 
  man 
  now 
  is 
  making 
  a 
  tremendous 
  mis- 
  

   take 
  who 
  thinks 
  for 
  a 
  moment 
  of 
  advising 
  the 
  planting 
  of 
  seedling 
  wal- 
  

   nuts. 
  We 
  are 
  bound 
  to 
  meet 
  the 
  problem 
  of 
  grafted 
  fruit 
  right 
  away. 
  

   The 
  success 
  in 
  grafting 
  in 
  "Washington 
  this 
  year 
  has 
  been 
  such 
  as 
  to 
  

   make 
  us 
  feel 
  certain 
  that 
  we 
  may 
  safely 
  advise 
  budding 
  yearling 
  stocks 
  

   and 
  expecting 
  a 
  return 
  of 
  from 
  seventy 
  to 
  ninety 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  successful 
  

   sets. 
  Stocks 
  giving 
  best 
  success 
  in 
  budding 
  are 
  California 
  black. 
  

   About 
  two 
  weeks 
  after 
  the 
  budding 
  is 
  done, 
  the 
  tops 
  are 
  cut 
  off 
  two 
  

   inches 
  above, 
  and 
  allowed 
  to 
  bend 
  over 
  and 
  protect 
  the 
  buds 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  

   West, 
  where 
  they 
  have 
  intense 
  sunlight, 
  they 
  have 
  found 
  it 
  necessary 
  

   to 
  cover 
  the 
  buds 
  with 
  paper 
  sacks. 
  The 
  budding 
  which 
  has 
  given 
  the 
  

   largest 
  success 
  is 
  hinge 
  budding, 
  a 
  kind 
  that 
  I 
  haven't 
  seen 
  discussed 
  

   generally 
  in 
  the 
  East. 
  Instead 
  of 
  being 
  a 
  T 
  at 
  one 
  end, 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  T 
  at 
  both 
  

   ends. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  horizontal 
  cut 
  across, 
  another 
  below, 
  and 
  a 
  split 
  be- 
  

   tween. 
  The 
  buds 
  are 
  taken 
  preferably 
  from 
  the 
  last 
  year's 
  wood. 
  We 
  

   attempt 
  to 
  take 
  the 
  wood 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  bud, 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  that 
  

   little 
  spongy 
  part 
  that 
  runs 
  up 
  into 
  the 
  bud, 
  and 
  is 
  the 
  core. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Pomeroy 
  : 
  You 
  speak 
  of 
  the 
  hulling. 
  Do 
  they 
  have 
  to 
  hull 
  the 
  

   Persian 
  walnuts? 
  

  

  Professor 
  Lake: 
  In 
  many 
  instances, 
  especially 
  in 
  dry 
  seasons, 
  or 
  

   in 
  those 
  sections 
  where 
  water 
  is 
  not 
  particularly 
  abundant. 
  Ordinarily, 
  

   hulling 
  is 
  avoided 
  by 
  irrigating 
  just 
  preceding 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  falling. 
  

   Frequently 
  the 
  growers 
  of 
  large 
  acreages 
  say 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  cheaper 
  to 
  run 
  

   them 
  all 
  through 
  the 
  huller. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Littlepage 
  : 
  What 
  would 
  you 
  prophesy 
  about 
  the 
  average 
  seed- 
  

   ling 
  Persian 
  walnut 
  tree 
  as 
  to 
  success 
  and 
  quality 
  of 
  nut 
  ? 
  

  

  Professor 
  Lake 
  : 
  I 
  was 
  led 
  to 
  think 
  that 
  all 
  that 
  was 
  necessary 
  to 
  do 
  

   was 
  to 
  plant 
  the 
  walnuts, 
  because 
  most 
  of 
  our 
  authorities 
  of 
  twenty 
  

   years 
  ago 
  said 
  the 
  walnut 
  would 
  come 
  true 
  to 
  seed. 
  I 
  think 
  out 
  of 
  sev- 
  

   eral 
  hundred 
  trees 
  planted 
  throughout 
  the 
  state, 
  and 
  many 
  we 
  planted 
  

   ourselves, 
  not 
  a 
  seedling 
  came 
  true. 
  I 
  should 
  think, 
  normally, 
  we 
  should 
  

   be 
  very 
  much 
  dissatisfied 
  in 
  ten 
  years 
  from 
  planting 
  seedlings. 
  As 
  soon 
  

   as 
  anyone 
  buds 
  these 
  with 
  Franquette, 
  Parisienne, 
  Concord, 
  Rush, 
  

   Pomeroy, 
  and 
  others, 
  I 
  am 
  satisfied 
  he 
  will 
  not 
  want 
  to 
  chance 
  it 
  with 
  

   seedlings. 
  

  

  