﻿45 
  

  

  in 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  manner 
  as 
  mold 
  spreads 
  over 
  and 
  through 
  a 
  

   piece 
  of 
  bread, 
  even 
  penetrating 
  the 
  wood 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  some- 
  

   times 
  five 
  annual 
  rings. 
  The 
  spread 
  of 
  the 
  fungus, 
  resulting 
  in 
  

   the 
  cutting 
  off 
  of 
  the 
  sap 
  flow, 
  is 
  the 
  immediate 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  

   wilting 
  and 
  dying 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  branch 
  above 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  

   girdling. 
  This 
  wilting 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  followed 
  later 
  by 
  the 
  death 
  

   of 
  one 
  branch 
  after 
  another 
  as 
  the 
  fungus 
  spreads, 
  has 
  given 
  

   rise 
  to 
  the 
  term 
  "blight" 
  of 
  the 
  chestnut 
  trees. 
  

  

  The 
  danger 
  signals 
  which 
  the 
  chestnut 
  tree 
  displays 
  when 
  

   diseased 
  are 
  not 
  a 
  few. 
  In 
  summer, 
  when 
  the 
  tree 
  is 
  first 
  affected, 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  turn 
  yellow-green 
  and 
  wilt, 
  later 
  turning 
  brown. 
  

   Small 
  burs 
  and 
  withered 
  leaves 
  retained 
  in 
  winter 
  are 
  some 
  

   signs 
  of 
  the 
  diseased 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  tree. 
  At 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  

   blighted 
  part 
  a 
  lesion, 
  or 
  reddish 
  brown 
  canker, 
  is 
  usually 
  found. 
  

   This 
  lesion 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  sunken 
  area 
  or, 
  as 
  is 
  frequently 
  the 
  case, 
  

   a 
  greatly 
  enlarged 
  swelling, 
  known 
  as 
  a 
  hypertrophy. 
  After 
  a 
  

   branch 
  has 
  become 
  completely 
  girdled 
  sprouts 
  or 
  suckers 
  are 
  

   very 
  apt 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  below 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  girdling. 
  In 
  old 
  fur- 
  

   rowed 
  bark 
  on 
  the 
  main 
  trunk 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  

   disease 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  reddish 
  brown 
  spore-bearing 
  pustules 
  in 
  

   the 
  fissures. 
  In 
  determining 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  fungus 
  in 
  the 
  

   furrowed 
  bark 
  of 
  old 
  trees, 
  one 
  must 
  learn 
  to 
  recognize 
  the 
  dif- 
  

   ference 
  between 
  the 
  light 
  brown 
  color 
  characteristic 
  of 
  fissures 
  

   in 
  healthy 
  growing 
  bark, 
  and 
  the 
  reddish 
  brown 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  

   fungus. 
  When 
  the 
  disease 
  has 
  been 
  present 
  several 
  years 
  the 
  

   bark 
  completely 
  rots 
  and 
  shrinks 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  wood, 
  and 
  

   when 
  the 
  bark 
  is 
  struck 
  with 
  an 
  axe 
  a 
  hollow 
  sound 
  is 
  produced. 
  

  

  Many 
  of 
  the 
  owners 
  of 
  chestnut 
  trees 
  throughout 
  Penn- 
  

   sylvania 
  do 
  not 
  acknowledge 
  that 
  a 
  fungus 
  is 
  causing 
  the 
  death 
  

   of 
  the 
  trees. 
  They 
  state 
  that 
  since 
  they 
  have 
  found 
  white 
  grubs 
  

   or 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  beetles 
  in 
  nearly 
  every 
  tree 
  that 
  dies, 
  that 
  it 
  

   has 
  been 
  the 
  larvae 
  that 
  killed 
  the 
  tree. 
  It 
  is 
  acknowledged 
  that 
  

   generally 
  white 
  grubs 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  dying 
  chestnut 
  trees, 
  and 
  

   that 
  in 
  nearly 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  large 
  cankers 
  or 
  lesions 
  these 
  grubs 
  are 
  

   present. 
  However, 
  if 
  one 
  will 
  take 
  the 
  pains 
  to 
  examine 
  the 
  

   small 
  twigs 
  and 
  branches 
  or 
  the 
  new 
  shoots 
  rising 
  from 
  the 
  stumps, 
  

   that 
  are 
  diseased, 
  he 
  will 
  not 
  find 
  the 
  grubs 
  present. 
  

  

  Second, 
  what 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  done 
  with 
  diseased 
  trees 
  to 
  bring 
  them 
  

   back 
  to 
  health 
  or 
  to 
  prevent 
  them 
  from 
  infecting 
  other 
  healthy 
  

   trees 
  nearby. 
  To 
  bring 
  the 
  trees 
  back 
  to 
  health 
  implies 
  that 
  

   the 
  disease 
  can 
  be 
  cured. 
  This 
  is 
  not 
  always 
  true 
  for 
  the 
  tree 
  

   may 
  be 
  already 
  nearly 
  girdled, 
  when 
  the 
  disease 
  is 
  first 
  noticed. 
  

  

  