﻿46 
  

  

  A 
  tree 
  taken 
  in 
  time, 
  however, 
  may 
  have 
  its 
  life 
  prolonged 
  in- 
  

   definitely 
  though 
  it 
  may 
  have 
  the 
  blight 
  in 
  some 
  portion 
  of 
  it 
  

   every 
  year. 
  More 
  particularly 
  does 
  this 
  apply 
  to 
  valuable 
  orna- 
  

   mental 
  and 
  orchard 
  trees. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  J. 
  Franklin 
  Collins, 
  Forest 
  Pathologist 
  in 
  the 
  Depart- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  in 
  Farmer's 
  Bulletin 
  No. 
  467 
  on 
  "The 
  Con- 
  

   trol 
  of 
  the 
  Chestnut 
  Bark 
  Disease" 
  gives 
  the 
  following: 
  "The 
  

   essentials 
  for 
  the 
  work 
  are 
  a 
  gouge, 
  a 
  mallet, 
  a 
  pruning 
  knife, 
  a 
  

   pot 
  of 
  coal 
  tar, 
  and 
  a 
  paint 
  brush. 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  a 
  tall 
  tree 
  a 
  

   ladder 
  or 
  rope, 
  or 
  both 
  may 
  be 
  necessary 
  but 
  under 
  no 
  circum- 
  

   stances 
  should 
  tree 
  climbers 
  be 
  used, 
  as 
  they 
  cause 
  wounds 
  which 
  

   are 
  very 
  favorable 
  places 
  for 
  infection. 
  Sometimes 
  an 
  axe, 
  a 
  

   saw, 
  and 
  a 
  long-handled 
  tree 
  pruner 
  are 
  convenient 
  auxiliary 
  

   instruments, 
  though 
  practically 
  all 
  the 
  cutting 
  recommended 
  

   can 
  be 
  done 
  with 
  a 
  gouge 
  with 
  a 
  cutting 
  edge 
  of 
  1 
  or 
  1 
  1-2 
  inches. 
  

   All 
  cutting 
  instruments 
  should 
  be 
  kept 
  very 
  sharp, 
  so 
  that 
  a 
  

   clean 
  smooth 
  cut 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  at 
  all 
  times." 
  

  

  All 
  of 
  the 
  discolored 
  diseased 
  areas 
  in 
  the 
  tree 
  should 
  be 
  re- 
  

   moved. 
  Small 
  branches 
  or 
  twigs 
  nearly 
  girdled 
  are 
  best 
  cut 
  

   off. 
  Cankers 
  in 
  the 
  main 
  trunk 
  or 
  on 
  limbs 
  should 
  be 
  gouged 
  

   out. 
  Carefulness 
  is 
  the 
  prime 
  requisite 
  in 
  this 
  work. 
  If 
  the 
  

   disease 
  has 
  completely 
  killed 
  the 
  cambium, 
  the 
  bark 
  should 
  be 
  

   entirely 
  removed 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  several 
  layers 
  of 
  wood 
  beneath 
  the 
  

   canker. 
  By 
  frequent 
  examination, 
  however, 
  diseased 
  spots 
  may 
  

   be 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  tree 
  where 
  the 
  mycelium 
  of 
  the 
  fungus 
  is 
  still 
  

   in 
  the 
  upper 
  layers 
  of 
  the 
  bark. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  necessary 
  then 
  to 
  cut 
  

   clear 
  to 
  the 
  wood, 
  but 
  the 
  discolored 
  outer 
  bark 
  may 
  be 
  removed 
  

   and 
  a 
  layer 
  of 
  healthy 
  inner 
  bark 
  left 
  beneath 
  the 
  cut. 
  The 
  sap 
  

   may 
  still 
  flow 
  through 
  this 
  layer. 
  The 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  diseased 
  area 
  

   is 
  quite 
  distinct, 
  but 
  cutting 
  should 
  not 
  stop 
  here 
  but 
  should 
  be 
  

   continued 
  beyond 
  the 
  discolored 
  portion 
  into 
  healthy 
  bark, 
  at 
  

   least 
  an 
  inch. 
  The 
  tools 
  should 
  be 
  thoroughly 
  sterilized 
  by 
  

   immersion 
  in 
  a 
  solution 
  of 
  1.1000 
  bichloride 
  of 
  mercury, 
  or 
  5 
  

   per 
  cent 
  solution 
  of 
  formaldehyde, 
  before 
  cutting 
  into 
  the 
  bark 
  

   outside 
  of 
  the 
  diseased 
  area. 
  Experiments 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  a 
  

   gouge 
  or 
  knife 
  may 
  carry 
  the 
  spores 
  into 
  healthy 
  bark 
  and 
  new 
  

   infection 
  take 
  place. 
  Experiments 
  are 
  being 
  carried 
  on 
  in 
  the 
  

   laboratory 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  time 
  which 
  spores 
  will 
  

   live 
  in 
  solutions 
  of 
  different 
  strengths 
  of 
  fungicides. 
  

  

  It 
  has 
  been 
  shown 
  that 
  a 
  cut 
  made 
  pointed 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  and 
  bottom 
  

   heals 
  much 
  faster 
  than 
  one 
  rounded. 
  The 
  edges 
  of 
  the 
  cut 
  should 
  

   be 
  made 
  with 
  care 
  so 
  as 
  not 
  to 
  injure 
  the 
  cambium. 
  The 
  chips 
  

  

  