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  centage 
  of 
  living 
  buds 
  was 
  much 
  less 
  than 
  on 
  the 
  forced 
  shoots 
  of 
  

   the 
  headed-back 
  trees. 
  

  

  The 
  different 
  steps 
  in 
  the 
  operation 
  of 
  patch 
  budding 
  are 
  briefly 
  

   as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  1st 
  operation. 
  Making 
  parallel 
  cuts 
  on 
  stock. 
  See 
  Figure 
  2. 
  

   2d 
  operation. 
  Making 
  vertical 
  cut 
  to 
  remove 
  bark 
  from 
  stock. 
  

   See 
  Figure 
  3. 
  

  

  3d 
  operation. 
  Loosening 
  patch 
  on 
  stock. 
  See 
  Figure 
  4. 
  

   4th 
  operation. 
  Making 
  parallel 
  cuts 
  on 
  bud 
  stick. 
  See 
  Figure 
  5. 
  

   5th 
  operation. 
  Making 
  vertical 
  cut 
  to 
  remove 
  bud 
  patch 
  from 
  

   bud 
  stick. 
  See 
  Figure 
  6. 
  

  

  6th 
  operation. 
  Taking 
  bud 
  off 
  bud 
  stick. 
  See 
  Figure 
  7. 
  

   7th 
  operation. 
  Inserting 
  bud 
  on 
  stock. 
  See 
  Figure 
  8. 
  

   8th 
  operation. 
  Beginning 
  the 
  tie. 
  See 
  Figure 
  9. 
  

   9th 
  operation. 
  Wrapping 
  the 
  bud. 
  See 
  Figure 
  10. 
  

   10th 
  operation. 
  The 
  completed 
  operation. 
  See 
  Figure 
  11. 
  

   Figure 
  12. 
  Bud 
  united. 
  

   These 
  illustrations 
  should 
  make 
  the 
  method 
  self-explanatory. 
  

  

  Knives 
  for 
  Patch-hudding. 
  

  

  Two 
  sorts 
  of 
  knives 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  patch-budding, 
  the 
  double 
  one 
  

   for 
  making 
  the 
  parallel 
  cuts 
  and 
  the 
  ordinary 
  budding 
  knife 
  for 
  

   removing 
  the 
  patch. 
  

  

  Camhium. 
  

  

  Professor 
  Bailey, 
  in 
  his 
  "Encyclopedia 
  of 
  Horticulture," 
  says, 
  

   ' 
  ' 
  The 
  ways 
  and 
  fashions 
  of 
  grafting 
  are 
  legion. 
  There 
  are 
  as 
  many 
  

   ways 
  as 
  there 
  are 
  ways 
  of 
  whittling. 
  The 
  operator 
  may 
  fashion 
  the 
  

   union 
  of 
  stock 
  and 
  scion 
  to 
  suit 
  himself 
  if 
  only 
  he 
  apply 
  cambium 
  

   to 
  cambium, 
  make 
  a 
  close 
  joint 
  and 
  properly 
  protect 
  the 
  work." 
  

  

  The 
  fundamental 
  basis 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  science 
  of 
  grafting 
  is 
  cam- 
  

   bium. 
  "What 
  then 
  is 
  this 
  important 
  substance 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  which 
  

   one 
  plant 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  live 
  and 
  grow 
  and 
  produce 
  on 
  the 
  roots 
  

   of 
  another 
  ? 
  If 
  we 
  strip 
  off 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  any 
  actively 
  growing, 
  woody 
  

   plant 
  we 
  will 
  find 
  just 
  beneath 
  a 
  soft, 
  colorless 
  substance 
  ; 
  this 
  sub- 
  

   stance 
  is 
  cambium. 
  It 
  feels 
  slimy 
  to 
  the 
  touch 
  and 
  if 
  scraped 
  with 
  

   the 
  finger 
  nail 
  a 
  little 
  doughy 
  mass 
  can 
  be 
  raised. 
  As 
  we 
  examine 
  

   it 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  to 
  quickly 
  darken 
  to 
  cream 
  color, 
  then 
  to 
  yellow 
  

   and 
  finally 
  to 
  dark 
  brown. 
  A 
  change 
  has 
  taken 
  place 
  in 
  it 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  

   seconds, 
  right 
  under 
  our 
  eyes. 
  When 
  we 
  first 
  exposed 
  it, 
  it 
  was 
  

   living, 
  active 
  and 
  capable 
  of 
  building 
  the 
  most 
  complicated 
  of 
  plant 
  

   structures 
  ; 
  now 
  it 
  is 
  dead, 
  inert 
  and 
  impotent. 
  If 
  we 
  examine 
  the 
  

  

  