﻿38 
  

  

  are 
  in 
  partially 
  dormant 
  condition, 
  owing 
  to 
  unfavorable 
  weather 
  

   or 
  other 
  conditions, 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  forced 
  into 
  budding 
  condition 
  by 
  

   slashing 
  off 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  growth 
  above 
  where 
  the 
  buds 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  

   inserted. 
  In 
  our 
  top-working 
  experiments 
  this 
  fact 
  was 
  further 
  

   emphasized 
  by 
  a 
  windstorm 
  which 
  broke 
  off 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  sappy 
  

   shoots 
  just 
  above 
  where 
  the 
  bud 
  was 
  put 
  on. 
  Every 
  single 
  one 
  of 
  

   these 
  buds 
  "took," 
  though 
  some 
  others, 
  just 
  as 
  carefully 
  put 
  on, 
  

   failed. 
  The 
  success 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  buds 
  on 
  the 
  wind-broken 
  shoots 
  was 
  

   undoubtedly 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  forcing 
  of 
  the 
  cambium 
  growth 
  just 
  at 
  the 
  

   point 
  where 
  the 
  bud 
  was 
  inserted. 
  

  

  The 
  Scion. 
  

  

  Although 
  it 
  is 
  desirable 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  cambium 
  of 
  the 
  stock 
  in 
  an 
  

   active 
  growing 
  condition, 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  the 
  reverse 
  with 
  the 
  scion. 
  The 
  

   reason 
  of 
  this 
  is 
  evident, 
  for 
  if 
  the 
  scion 
  were 
  active, 
  it 
  would 
  soon 
  

   exhaust 
  its 
  small 
  supply 
  of 
  food 
  and 
  die 
  before 
  the 
  union 
  could 
  be 
  

   formed 
  and 
  it 
  could 
  get 
  its 
  permanent 
  supply 
  of 
  nourishment 
  from 
  

   the 
  root. 
  It 
  is 
  desirable 
  to 
  have 
  scions 
  fresh 
  and 
  firm 
  but 
  in 
  a 
  

   quiescent 
  condition 
  until 
  pushed 
  into 
  activity 
  by 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  

   stock. 
  If, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  scions 
  or 
  buds 
  become 
  too 
  dry 
  the 
  

   sap 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  revive 
  them 
  and 
  no 
  union 
  will 
  be 
  made. 
  

  

  For 
  patch-budding, 
  the 
  buds 
  may 
  be 
  cut 
  from 
  scions 
  or 
  bud 
  sticks 
  

   of 
  the 
  present 
  or 
  the 
  past 
  season's 
  growth. 
  Figure 
  13 
  shows 
  a 
  bud 
  

   stick 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  season's 
  growth 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  leaves 
  have 
  been 
  

   cut. 
  Such 
  a 
  bud 
  stick 
  cannot 
  be 
  obtained 
  until 
  July, 
  for 
  before 
  

   that 
  time 
  the 
  bark 
  is 
  so 
  tender 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  to 
  get 
  the 
  bud 
  

   patch 
  off 
  the 
  stick 
  without 
  crushing 
  it 
  or 
  peeling 
  off 
  the 
  cuticle 
  of 
  

   the 
  bark. 
  The 
  basal 
  buds 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  season's 
  growth, 
  Figure 
  

   13, 
  make 
  the 
  best 
  buds 
  because 
  they 
  are 
  more 
  mature 
  and 
  dormant 
  

   than 
  the 
  buds 
  above 
  them 
  and 
  as 
  they 
  have 
  shed 
  the 
  leaf 
  stalk 
  

   they 
  can 
  be 
  tied 
  in 
  more 
  easily 
  and 
  snugly 
  than 
  those 
  with 
  the 
  thick, 
  

   fleshy 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  leaf 
  stalk 
  attached. 
  Some 
  budders 
  make 
  a 
  prac- 
  

   tice 
  of 
  cutting 
  off' 
  the 
  leaves 
  ten 
  days 
  or 
  two 
  weeks 
  before 
  they 
  

   commence 
  budding 
  and 
  leaving 
  the 
  scions 
  on 
  the 
  trees 
  to 
  ripen 
  the 
  

   buds 
  and 
  shed 
  off 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  petioles. 
  There 
  is 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  

   no 
  danger 
  of 
  the 
  thick 
  fleshy 
  leaf 
  base 
  decaying 
  under 
  the 
  wrap 
  

   and 
  souring 
  and 
  killing 
  the 
  buds. 
  

  

  Figure 
  14 
  shows 
  budwood 
  of 
  the 
  previous 
  season's 
  growth. 
  This 
  

   budwood 
  can 
  be 
  cut 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  and 
  kept 
  over 
  in 
  fresh 
  dor- 
  

   mant 
  condition 
  by 
  being 
  packed 
  in 
  damp 
  sawdust 
  and 
  carried 
  over 
  

   in 
  ordinary 
  cold 
  storage 
  or 
  in 
  a 
  refrigerator. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  ready 
  for 
  

   use 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  bark 
  will 
  slip 
  on 
  the 
  stocks. 
  By 
  

  

  