﻿48 
  

  

  bitternut 
  hickory, 
  sliagbark 
  hickory, 
  and 
  pignut 
  (Hieoria 
  glabra) 
  

   would 
  develop 
  nuts 
  sparingly 
  in 
  this 
  way. 
  

  

  I 
  speak 
  of 
  the 
  matter 
  as 
  parthenogenesis 
  in 
  advance 
  of 
  micro- 
  

   scopic 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  ovules, 
  — 
  which 
  will 
  be 
  made 
  next 
  year; 
  

   but 
  parthenogenesis 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  most 
  likely 
  explanation. 
  If 
  

   this 
  is 
  the 
  case, 
  the 
  embryo 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  conjugation 
  

   of 
  two 
  gametes, 
  as 
  generally 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  algae 
  and 
  higher 
  plants. 
  

   It 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  the 
  embryo 
  in 
  the 
  unpollenized 
  chinkapins 
  does 
  

   not 
  originate 
  from 
  the 
  female 
  gamete 
  at 
  all, 
  but 
  that 
  it 
  originates 
  

   from 
  a 
  formative 
  budding 
  of 
  other 
  cells 
  in 
  the 
  ovule. 
  We 
  can 
  

   speak 
  of 
  parthenogenesis 
  only 
  when 
  the 
  embryo 
  originates 
  from 
  a 
  

   female 
  gamete 
  alone, 
  i. 
  e., 
  without 
  fusing 
  of 
  protoplasmic 
  mass 
  of 
  

   the 
  female 
  gamete 
  with 
  protoplasmic 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  gamete. 
  

  

  Some 
  of 
  the 
  nuts 
  which 
  I 
  am 
  calling 
  parthenogens 
  have 
  developed 
  

   plants 
  this 
  year. 
  The 
  chief 
  peculiarity 
  to 
  be 
  observed 
  is 
  great 
  dis- 
  

   parity 
  in 
  size 
  between 
  plants 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  age 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  parent 
  

   tree. 
  Some 
  of 
  them 
  grow 
  very 
  much 
  more 
  rapidly 
  than 
  the 
  aver- 
  

   age 
  plant 
  of 
  the 
  species, 
  and 
  others 
  less 
  rapidly 
  when 
  subjected 
  to 
  

   similar 
  conditions 
  of 
  soil, 
  temperature 
  and 
  moisture. 
  

  

  We 
  assume 
  in 
  biology 
  that 
  one 
  of 
  nature's 
  objects 
  in 
  having 
  two 
  

   sexes 
  is 
  to 
  prevent 
  early 
  senescence 
  of 
  the 
  allotment 
  of 
  protoplasm 
  

   for 
  a 
  species, 
  and 
  to 
  avoid 
  undue 
  intensification 
  of 
  characteristics 
  

   of 
  one 
  parent. 
  This 
  is 
  apparently 
  nature's 
  device 
  for 
  maintaining 
  

   a 
  mean 
  type. 
  For 
  man's 
  purposes 
  we 
  may 
  now 
  make 
  artificial 
  

   selection 
  of 
  individual 
  plants 
  which 
  represent 
  intensification 
  of 
  

   desirable 
  characteristics 
  of 
  one 
  parent. 
  The 
  growing 
  of 
  trees 
  from 
  

   unfertilized 
  ovules 
  will 
  apparently 
  open 
  an 
  entirely 
  new 
  field 
  in 
  

   horticulture, 
  and 
  no 
  one 
  can 
  prophesy 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  selection 
  of 
  trees 
  

   which 
  present 
  intensification 
  of 
  desirable 
  characteristics 
  of 
  a 
  single 
  

   parent 
  through 
  several 
  successive 
  generations. 
  

  

  THE 
  POSSIBILITIES 
  OF 
  NUT 
  CULTURE 
  IN 
  UTAH 
  

  

  Leon 
  D. 
  Batchelor, 
  Utah 
  

  

  I 
  suppose 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  you 
  have 
  very 
  little 
  or 
  no 
  idea 
  of 
  agri- 
  

   cultural 
  conditions 
  in 
  Utah. 
  Perhaps 
  some 
  think 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  desert. 
  

   When 
  I 
  went 
  to 
  Utah, 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  years 
  ago, 
  the 
  first 
  thing 
  that 
  

   struck 
  my 
  mind 
  forcibly 
  in 
  traveling 
  around 
  through 
  the 
  state 
  was 
  

   the 
  absolute 
  lack 
  of 
  any 
  nuts. 
  Being 
  born 
  and 
  brought 
  up 
  in 
  Mas- 
  

   sachusetts, 
  I 
  naturally 
  noticed 
  this, 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  pleasures 
  of 
  my 
  

   boyhood 
  days 
  consisted 
  in 
  gathering 
  chestnuts, 
  hickory 
  nuts, 
  hazel- 
  

  

  