﻿78 
  

  

  as 
  with 
  the 
  native 
  varieties. 
  Pecans 
  of 
  all 
  kinds 
  were 
  tried 
  by 
  him 
  

   and 
  choice 
  specimens 
  were 
  obtained 
  from 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the. 
  country. 
  

   Like 
  the 
  hickories 
  these 
  were 
  grown 
  and 
  grafted 
  in 
  different 
  ways 
  

   and 
  the 
  percentage 
  of 
  good 
  results 
  was 
  always 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  

   hickories. 
  Grafting 
  the 
  hickory 
  on 
  the 
  pecan 
  was 
  of 
  course 
  tried, 
  

   and 
  this 
  proved 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  ways 
  of 
  propagating 
  the 
  hickory. 
  

   Everything 
  that 
  he 
  could 
  possibly 
  think 
  of 
  or 
  do 
  was 
  brought 
  to 
  

   bear 
  in 
  his 
  efforts 
  at 
  nut 
  culture 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  some 
  satisfaction 
  to 
  know 
  

   that 
  many 
  nut 
  lovers 
  will 
  have 
  the 
  benefit 
  of 
  his 
  work 
  and 
  efforts, 
  

   long 
  years 
  after 
  he 
  has 
  passed 
  away, 
  the 
  hickory 
  especially 
  being 
  a 
  

   very 
  slow 
  growing 
  and 
  long 
  lived 
  tree. 
  

  

  ABSTRACT 
  OF 
  PAPER 
  BY 
  HUMPHREY 
  

  

  Filbert. 
  Black 
  knot, 
  Cryptosporella 
  anomala 
  

  

  Humphrey, 
  James 
  Ellis. 
  Mass. 
  Agr. 
  Exp. 
  Sta., 
  10th 
  an. 
  rept., 
  

   1892, 
  p. 
  242-243. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  describes 
  this 
  fungus 
  as 
  killing 
  the 
  canes 
  of 
  the 
  Euro- 
  

   pean 
  hazel, 
  Corylus 
  avella^ia, 
  at 
  Palmer, 
  Mass. 
  The 
  fungus 
  appears 
  

   in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  protuberances 
  with 
  elliptical 
  bases 
  that 
  burst 
  the 
  bark 
  

   and 
  rise 
  rather 
  thickly 
  from 
  the 
  affected 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  branch. 
  

   The 
  diseased 
  portion 
  is 
  sunk 
  below 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  healthy 
  part. 
  

   The 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  protuberance, 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  fruiting 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   fungus, 
  contains 
  numerous 
  black, 
  flask-like 
  structures 
  whose 
  tips 
  

   reached 
  the 
  surface. 
  Within 
  the 
  cavities 
  of 
  these 
  flasks 
  are 
  formed 
  

   the 
  very 
  numerous 
  spindle-shaped 
  spore 
  cells, 
  each 
  containing, 
  when 
  

   ripe, 
  eight 
  colorless 
  elliptical 
  spores. 
  The 
  author 
  noticed 
  that 
  the 
  

   inner 
  bark 
  on 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  branch 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  fungus 
  is 
  re- 
  

   duced 
  to 
  a 
  narrow 
  black 
  line 
  between 
  the 
  wood 
  and 
  the 
  outer 
  bark. 
  

   This 
  reduction 
  in 
  the 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  inner 
  bark 
  explains 
  why 
  the 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  affected 
  parts 
  is 
  sunken. 
  If 
  the 
  entire 
  circumference 
  

   of 
  a 
  cane 
  becomes 
  involved, 
  the 
  result 
  is 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  girdled, 
  and 
  the 
  

   part 
  beyond 
  necessarily 
  dies. 
  The 
  attacks 
  of 
  this 
  fungus 
  on 
  the 
  

   host-plant 
  are 
  essentially 
  similar 
  in 
  their 
  results 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  

   knot 
  of 
  the 
  plum, 
  though 
  the 
  immediate 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  bark 
  is 
  

   here 
  one 
  of 
  atrophy, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  case 
  it 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  hypertrophy. 
  

   The 
  fungus 
  is 
  also 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  black-knot 
  fungus 
  on 
  the 
  plum, 
  but 
  

   its 
  life-history 
  is 
  not 
  yet 
  knoAvn. 
  There 
  may 
  be 
  other 
  spore 
  forms 
  in 
  

   its 
  life 
  cycle, 
  and 
  therefore 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  to 
  give 
  any 
  more 
  definite 
  

   suggestions 
  for 
  avoiding 
  it 
  than 
  to 
  recommend 
  that 
  infected 
  

   branches 
  be 
  cut 
  away 
  well 
  below 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  infection 
  and 
  burned 
  

   as 
  soon 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  infected. 
  

  

  