﻿98 
  

  

  grafted 
  at 
  the 
  proper 
  time 
  we 
  were 
  able 
  to 
  get 
  good 
  results 
  without 
  

   any 
  manipulation 
  of 
  the 
  seedling 
  stocks. 
  All 
  that 
  we 
  ever 
  did 
  there 
  

   was 
  to 
  remove 
  the 
  new 
  growth 
  occasionally 
  to 
  hold 
  the 
  stocks 
  in 
  

   good 
  condition 
  for 
  grafting 
  and 
  prolong 
  the 
  grafting 
  season, 
  and 
  it 
  

   was 
  always 
  questionable 
  whether 
  this 
  was 
  a 
  necessary 
  precaution. 
  

   My 
  idea 
  in 
  keeping 
  the 
  new 
  growth 
  off 
  the 
  stocks 
  till 
  the 
  grafts 
  

   were 
  set 
  was 
  not 
  to 
  control 
  the 
  sap 
  flow, 
  but 
  to 
  prevent, 
  if 
  it 
  were 
  

   possible 
  by 
  this 
  means, 
  the 
  exhaustion 
  of 
  the 
  stored 
  up 
  "starch" 
  in 
  

   the 
  stock, 
  by 
  the 
  new 
  growth. 
  In 
  the 
  northern 
  states, 
  the 
  sap 
  in 
  

   the 
  walnut 
  stocks, 
  and 
  perhaps 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  in 
  other 
  nut 
  tree 
  

   stocks, 
  is 
  inclined 
  to 
  come 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  with 
  a 
  rush. 
  Some 
  

   seasons 
  at 
  least, 
  even 
  before 
  the 
  buds 
  push 
  into 
  growth, 
  when 
  the 
  

   stocks 
  are 
  cut 
  off 
  for 
  grafting 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  ''bleed" 
  or 
  run 
  sap 
  

   very 
  freely 
  and 
  this 
  may 
  continue 
  several 
  days, 
  flooding 
  and 
  in- 
  

   juring 
  the 
  scion 
  and 
  exhausting 
  the 
  vitality 
  of 
  the 
  stock. 
  This 
  

   condition 
  was 
  especially 
  noticeable 
  the 
  past 
  spring, 
  due 
  presumably, 
  

   to 
  the 
  lateness 
  of 
  the 
  growing 
  season. 
  Making 
  provision 
  for 
  the 
  

   exit 
  of 
  the 
  surplus 
  sap 
  was 
  usually 
  sufficient 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  south 
  and, 
  

   we 
  believed, 
  would 
  be 
  farther 
  north, 
  but 
  with 
  the 
  stronger 
  flow 
  of 
  

   sap 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  sufficient 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  states, 
  at 
  least 
  some 
  seasons. 
  

   An 
  examination 
  of 
  grafts, 
  set 
  on 
  stocks 
  which 
  have 
  bled 
  freely 
  after 
  

   having 
  been 
  grafted, 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  stock 
  callouses 
  very 
  slowly, 
  if 
  

   at 
  all, 
  and 
  the 
  scion, 
  unless 
  it 
  be 
  of 
  very 
  heavy, 
  solid 
  wood, 
  becomes 
  

   dark 
  colored 
  and 
  sour 
  and 
  the 
  wood 
  soon 
  dies 
  in 
  the 
  cleft, 
  although 
  

   the 
  scion 
  above 
  this 
  point 
  may 
  remain 
  green 
  for 
  weeks. 
  I 
  am 
  not 
  

   able, 
  at 
  this 
  time, 
  to 
  give 
  any 
  specific 
  remedy 
  for 
  the 
  correction 
  of 
  

   this 
  trouble 
  for 
  the 
  reason 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  worked 
  it 
  out 
  to 
  my 
  own 
  

   satisfaction 
  as 
  yet, 
  but 
  now 
  that 
  we 
  understand 
  the 
  trouble 
  better, 
  

   I 
  feel 
  sure 
  that 
  we 
  will 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  correct 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  manipulation 
  of 
  

   the 
  stocks 
  before 
  they 
  are 
  grafted. 
  Keeping 
  the 
  new 
  growth 
  off 
  

   the 
  stocks 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  sufficient 
  in 
  most 
  seasons, 
  if 
  the 
  graft- 
  

   ing 
  is 
  done 
  rather 
  late, 
  but 
  I 
  am 
  of 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  a 
  rather 
  severe 
  

   cutting 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  stocks 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  before 
  they 
  are 
  grafted, 
  if 
  

   the 
  grafting 
  is 
  done 
  early, 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  the 
  best 
  practice. 
  For 
  

   later 
  grafting, 
  my 
  opinion 
  is 
  that 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  cuttings, 
  say 
  a 
  week 
  

   apart, 
  will 
  be 
  better. 
  Root 
  pruning, 
  where 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  practiced 
  to 
  

   advantage, 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  more 
  effective 
  still. 
  I 
  have 
  never 
  known 
  

   newly 
  transplanted 
  stocks 
  or 
  those 
  which 
  had 
  the 
  tree 
  digger 
  run 
  

   under 
  them, 
  to 
  bleed 
  freely 
  when 
  grafted, 
  and 
  we 
  have 
  sometimes 
  

   gotten 
  a 
  good 
  stand 
  of 
  grafts 
  on 
  such 
  stocks, 
  but 
  such 
  stocks 
  may 
  

   not 
  always 
  have 
  sufficient 
  sap 
  for 
  the 
  best 
  results 
  in 
  grafting, 
  if 
  

   they 
  have 
  been 
  recently 
  transplanted 
  or 
  root 
  pruned. 
  Fall 
  planted 
  

  

  