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  or 
  prongs, 
  it 
  is 
  best 
  to 
  work 
  part 
  of 
  them 
  one 
  year 
  and 
  leave 
  the 
  

   remaining 
  branches 
  to 
  maintain 
  the 
  root 
  system. 
  It 
  would 
  prob- 
  

   ably 
  kill 
  a 
  large 
  tree 
  to 
  cut 
  the 
  whole 
  top 
  off 
  at 
  one 
  time. 
  I 
  have 
  

   seen 
  trees, 
  two 
  feet 
  in 
  diameter, 
  successfully 
  top 
  worked. 
  It 
  some- 
  

   times 
  happens 
  that 
  the 
  scions 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  tree, 
  in 
  the 
  spring, 
  for 
  

   some 
  reason 
  or 
  other, 
  do 
  not 
  grow. 
  The 
  tree 
  then 
  sends 
  up 
  nice 
  

   green 
  shoots 
  that 
  later 
  in 
  the 
  season 
  can 
  be 
  budded 
  into 
  just 
  as 
  if 
  

   they 
  were 
  small 
  seedlings. 
  The 
  wild 
  black 
  walnut 
  trees, 
  growing 
  

   around 
  the 
  fields 
  and 
  hills, 
  can 
  all 
  be 
  very 
  easily 
  topworked 
  to 
  the 
  

   English 
  walnut 
  by 
  the 
  slip 
  bark 
  method. 
  The 
  scions 
  must 
  be 
  

   dormant 
  and 
  the 
  tree 
  starting 
  into 
  active 
  growth. 
  

  

  The 
  wild 
  hickory, 
  wild 
  pecan 
  and 
  wild 
  black 
  walnut 
  trees, 
  offer 
  the 
  

   best 
  field 
  for 
  profitable 
  work 
  along 
  this 
  line. 
  We 
  have 
  topworked 
  a 
  

   great 
  many 
  hickories 
  to 
  pecan, 
  but 
  we 
  do 
  not 
  expect 
  permanent 
  

   satisfactory 
  results. 
  The 
  experience 
  of 
  the 
  pecan 
  on 
  the 
  hickory 
  is 
  

   not 
  very 
  satisfactory. 
  The 
  hickory 
  is 
  a 
  dense, 
  hard 
  wood, 
  that 
  has 
  

   a 
  short 
  growing 
  season, 
  and 
  matures 
  its 
  nuts 
  early; 
  the 
  pecan 
  is 
  of 
  

   the 
  coarser, 
  faster 
  growing 
  wood, 
  whose 
  nuts 
  grow 
  until 
  late 
  in 
  the 
  

   fall. 
  This 
  inconsistency 
  of 
  the 
  growing 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  trees 
  pre- 
  

   vents 
  the 
  pecan 
  top 
  on 
  the 
  hickory 
  from 
  producing 
  normal 
  crops 
  of 
  

   nuts. 
  The 
  pecan 
  topworked 
  to 
  the 
  pecan, 
  however, 
  is 
  a 
  perfect 
  

   success 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  reason 
  why 
  the 
  wild 
  hickories 
  of 
  all 
  descrip- 
  

   tions 
  cannot 
  be 
  successfully 
  and 
  profitably 
  topworked 
  to 
  the 
  better 
  

   varieties 
  of 
  the 
  good 
  shagbark 
  hickories. 
  I 
  believe 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  

   great 
  opportunities 
  in 
  the 
  state 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  for 
  successful 
  nut 
  

   culture 
  by 
  utilizing 
  the 
  wild 
  black 
  walnut 
  trees 
  and 
  the 
  hickories. 
  

   I 
  have 
  seen 
  hundreds 
  of 
  English 
  walnut 
  trees 
  growing 
  around 
  

   Rochester, 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  bearing 
  perfectly 
  wonderful 
  crops 
  of 
  wal- 
  

   nuts. 
  I 
  am 
  surprised 
  that 
  the 
  people 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  have 
  not 
  availed 
  

   themselves 
  more 
  of 
  the 
  opportunities 
  along 
  this 
  line. 
  If 
  the 
  farmers 
  

   in 
  this 
  section 
  would 
  take 
  up 
  nut 
  growing 
  as 
  a 
  side 
  proposition 
  and 
  

   set 
  five 
  or 
  ten 
  acres 
  of 
  nut 
  trees 
  on 
  each 
  farm, 
  they 
  would 
  soon 
  find 
  

   that 
  these 
  nut 
  trees 
  would 
  be 
  producing 
  them 
  more 
  than 
  all 
  the 
  

   balance 
  of 
  their 
  farms. 
  We 
  hear 
  a 
  great 
  deal 
  today 
  about 
  the 
  

   back 
  to 
  the 
  farm 
  movement, 
  but 
  my 
  opinion 
  is 
  that 
  for 
  everyone 
  

   who 
  is 
  going 
  to 
  the 
  farm, 
  ten 
  are 
  leaving 
  it, 
  and 
  the 
  reason 
  for 
  this 
  

   is 
  that 
  the 
  heavy 
  operating 
  expense 
  of 
  the 
  annual 
  crops, 
  such 
  as 
  

   corn, 
  wheat 
  and 
  potatoes, 
  etc., 
  lay 
  such 
  a 
  heavy 
  toll 
  on 
  the 
  farmer 
  

   that 
  farming 
  is 
  not 
  profitable. 
  The 
  requirements 
  of 
  time, 
  labor 
  

   and 
  money 
  in 
  producing 
  these 
  crops 
  are 
  so 
  great 
  that 
  it 
  discourages 
  

   many 
  farmers. 
  I 
  have 
  made 
  the 
  statement 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  farmers 
  

   in 
  my 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  that 
  they 
  must 
  produce 
  alfalfa 
  or 
  go 
  

  

  