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  turies 
  has 
  been 
  grown 
  from 
  seed, 
  will 
  reproduce 
  itself 
  fairly 
  true 
  to 
  

   type, 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  repeat 
  true 
  to 
  variety. 
  Every 
  tree, 
  no 
  matter 
  

   how 
  carefully 
  its 
  parentage 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  guarded, 
  is 
  unlike 
  any 
  

   other. 
  The 
  seedlings 
  differ 
  in 
  traits 
  of 
  vigor, 
  hardiness, 
  suscepti- 
  

   bility 
  to 
  disease, 
  time 
  of 
  beginning 
  to 
  bear, 
  productiveness, 
  and 
  lon- 
  

   gevity, 
  and 
  the 
  nuts 
  vary 
  in 
  size, 
  form, 
  thickness 
  of 
  shell, 
  ease 
  of 
  

   cracking, 
  and 
  in 
  kernel 
  characteristics. 
  

  

  The 
  people 
  of 
  California 
  have 
  also 
  found 
  that 
  in 
  many 
  ways, 
  

   Persian 
  walnut 
  trees 
  on 
  their 
  own 
  roots 
  are 
  less 
  desirable 
  than 
  are 
  

   those 
  budded 
  or 
  grafted 
  on 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  some 
  black 
  walnut. 
  

  

  The 
  earliest 
  pecan 
  planters 
  likewise 
  set 
  seedling 
  trees, 
  partly 
  

   because 
  no 
  others 
  were 
  available, 
  but 
  more 
  largely 
  because 
  of 
  a 
  sup- 
  

   position 
  that 
  such 
  seedlings 
  would 
  come 
  true. 
  Later 
  on, 
  planters 
  

   chose 
  grafted 
  trees 
  of 
  large 
  varieties, 
  irrespective 
  of 
  others' 
  merits 
  

   or 
  demerits. 
  Today, 
  the 
  orchards 
  of 
  both 
  seedling 
  trees 
  and 
  illy- 
  

   selected 
  varieties 
  are 
  being 
  topworked 
  at 
  great 
  expense 
  of 
  time, 
  labor, 
  

   and 
  money. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  northern 
  and 
  eastern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  the 
  situa- 
  

   tion 
  until 
  very 
  recently 
  has 
  been 
  one 
  of 
  practical 
  standstill. 
  Efforts 
  

   with 
  foreign 
  nuts 
  have 
  resulted 
  in 
  our 
  being 
  but 
  little 
  ahead 
  of 
  the 
  

   starting 
  point 
  of 
  a 
  couple 
  of 
  centuries 
  ago. 
  

  

  The 
  great 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  Persian 
  walnut, 
  chestnut, 
  and 
  hazel 
  

   trees 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  tried 
  have 
  failed 
  us; 
  some 
  have 
  even 
  brought 
  

   fatal 
  or 
  near-fatal 
  diseases 
  to 
  us. 
  

  

  At 
  first 
  thought, 
  we 
  would 
  feel 
  compelled 
  to 
  abandon 
  all 
  further 
  

   efforts 
  with 
  the 
  foreign 
  nuts; 
  but 
  not 
  all 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  tried 
  are 
  

   guilty 
  of 
  offence 
  or 
  failure. 
  Here 
  and 
  there, 
  from 
  New 
  England 
  

   to 
  Michigan 
  and 
  from 
  Maryland 
  to 
  Missouri, 
  we 
  are 
  finding 
  occa- 
  

   sional 
  nut 
  trees 
  either 
  in 
  groups 
  or 
  standing 
  singly, 
  which 
  because 
  

   of 
  their 
  age, 
  vigor, 
  productiveness, 
  and 
  quantity 
  and 
  quality 
  of 
  nuts, 
  

   appear 
  to 
  be 
  fit 
  foundation 
  stock 
  for 
  the 
  varieties 
  so 
  much 
  needed 
  

   in 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  country. 
  A 
  number 
  of 
  such 
  are 
  being 
  propagated 
  

   by 
  the 
  nurserymen 
  and, 
  as 
  the 
  members 
  here 
  present 
  know, 
  are 
  

   being 
  disseminated. 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  great 
  need 
  is 
  for 
  knowledge 
  regarding 
  the 
  location 
  of 
  

   other 
  such 
  trees, 
  not 
  only 
  of 
  the 
  foreign 
  species, 
  but 
  of 
  the 
  natives 
  

   as 
  well. 
  The 
  Northern 
  Nut 
  Growers' 
  Association 
  and 
  the 
  Federal 
  

   Department 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  at 
  Washington 
  together 
  are 
  seeking 
  to 
  

   find 
  Persian, 
  Japanese, 
  or 
  black 
  walnut, 
  Asiatic, 
  European 
  or 
  Ameri- 
  

   can 
  chestnut, 
  European 
  or 
  American 
  hazel, 
  and 
  native 
  butternut, 
  

   hickory, 
  pecan, 
  chinquapin 
  and 
  beech 
  trees 
  of 
  more 
  than 
  ordinary 
  

   merit. 
  Upon 
  the 
  locating 
  of, 
  and 
  the 
  propagation 
  from 
  such 
  trees, 
  

  

  